Mechanization in agriculture has greatly improved the efficiency of field operations, but also resulted heavier agricultural vehicles, which led to increased risks soil compaction. Hence, farmers benefit from machinery with higher capacity may suffer decreased yields caused by Compaction result further environmental costs society. We present a framework that relates compaction and its impacts o...

The intent of this paper is to capture the gradual unfolding of business-to-business (B-to-B) e-commerce adoption in small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs). Empirical evidence was gathered in three separate but complementary phases: first, a pilot study to identify and validate metrics for B-to-B e-commerce adoption; second, an e-survey to gain an in-depth understanding of B-to-B e-commerce a...

The net movement of individuals from marine reserves (also known as no-take marine protected areas) to the remaining fishing grounds is known as spillover and is frequently used to promote reserves to fishers on the grounds that it will benefit fisheries. Here we consider how mismanaged a fishery must be before spillover from a reserve is able to provide a net benefit for a fishery. For our mod...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the incremental benefit of computer-assisted-detection (CAD) for polyps, for inexperienced readers versus experienced readers of CT colonography. METHODS 10 inexperienced and 16 experienced radiologists interpreted 102 colonography studies unassisted and with CAD utilised in a concurrent paradigm. They indicated any polyps detected on a study sheet. Readers' interpretat...

We used data from a randomized controlled study of Oxford House (OH), a self-run, self-supporting recovery home, to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the program. Following substance abuse treatment, individuals that were assigned to an OH condition (n=68) were compared to individuals assigned to a usual care condition (n=61). Economic cost measures were derived from length of stay at an Oxfor...

The concept of net clinical benefit has been used to quantify the balance between risk of ischaemic stroke (IS) and risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) with the use oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) in the setting of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and has shown that patients at highest risk of stroke and thromboembolism gain the greatest benefit from OAC with warfarin. There are no da...

OBJECTIVES Objectives were, first, to estimate the additional number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by deaf children from bilateral compared with unilateral implantation (DeltaQ); second, to estimate the additional cost to the healthcare system in the United Kingdom for providing bilateral compared with unilateral implantation (DeltaC); and, third, to compare the values of increm...