BACKGROUND Mild to moderate musculoskeletal trauma is a common cause for an emergency room visit, and frequent pain is one of the cardinal symptoms of consultation. The objective of this study is to assess the perception of a single subcutaneous dose of 50 mg tramadol for pain management in patients with mild to moderate musculoskeletal trauma, likewise to appraise the perception of pain by sub...

objective: the present study aimed to clarify dissociative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and its association with negative and positive symptom of schizophrenia. methods: based on the 4th edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv) criteria, 80 schizophrenic subjects were randomly selected from patients who referred to the clinics of psychiatry hospital i...

The super-efficiency (SE) model is identical to the standard model, except that the unit under evaluation is excluded from the reference set. This model has been used in ranking efficient units, identifying outliers, sensitivity and stability analysis, measuring productivity changes, and solving two-player games. Under the assumption of variable, non-increasing and non-decreasing returns to sca...

In the past few years, network RTK positioning technology, especially the VRS ( virtual reference stations)technology, has been widely used in some parts of China and many countries of the world. In this paper, the authors mainly discuss the principle of VRS technology with corresponding formula deduction, and give detailed descriptions of VRS corrections and virtual observations generation alg...

In a recently published guideline for evaluative reporting in forensic science, the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) recommended the use of the likelihood ratio for the measurement of the value of forensic results. As a device to communicate the probative value of the results, the ENFSI guideline mentions the possibility to define and use a verbal scale, which should be u...

In this paper, area preserving multi-scale representations of planar curves are described. This allows smoothing without shrinkage at the same time preserving all the scale-space properties. The representations are obtained deforming the curve via geometric heat flows while simultaneously magnifying the plane by a homethety which keeps the enclosed area constant. When the Euclidean geometric he...

this paper presents theoretical and numerical state-of-the-art information in the field of hygro-thermo-mechanical deformation simulation in structural concrete. the aspects discussed include coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical performance of porous materials including concrete, multi-scale simulation of concrete properties especially the volumetric and structural deformation performance, and the m...

The influence of vortex ring state (VRS) on rotorcraft flight dynamics is investigated, specifically the vertical velocity drop of helicopters and the roll-off of tiltrotors encountering VRS. The available wind tunnel and flight test data for rotors in vortex ring state are reviewed. Test data for axial flow, nonaxial flow, two rotors, unsteadiness, and vortex ring state boundaries are describe...

Discovering and utilizing problem domain knowledge is a promising direction towards improving the efficiency of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) when solving optimization problems. We propose a knowledge-based variable reduction strategy (VRS) that can be integrated into EAs to solve unconstrained and first-order derivative optimization functions more efficiently. VRS originates from the knowledge...

The authors aimed to evaluate traffic noise level and noise annoyance in Beijing and the impact of the noise on the quality of life of the residences. The authors performed a cross-sectional study in a 12-floor college dormitory near 4th Ring Road in Beijing, China. The north-side rooms of the building were noisy and had windows facing the road. The authors measured both indoor and outdoor nois...