OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the role of insulin in postprandial blood pressure regulation in the elderly. BACKGROUND Insulin is both a positive inotropic and chronotropic hormone that also vasodilates skeletal muscle vasculature. Insulin may thus mediate aspects of postprandial cardiovascular homeostasis. METHODS Ten healthy elderly subjects were studied in the fasting state on three sep...

OBJECTIVE To compare a modified fixed meal dosing strategy to flexible meal dosing in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (N = 126) with refractory hyperglycemia or requiring at least 20 units of insulin per day were randomly assigned to fixed meal dosing (including withholding the dose if less than half of the meal tray was consumed) or flexible m...

Feed ingredients of plant origin are commonly used in swine diets. However, the major components of plant cell walls, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), reduce nutrient digestibility. To improve the efficiency of feed utilization, exogenous enzyme products that degrade NSPs have been widely used in commercial animal feeds. Nonetheless, the effects of exogenous enzyme addition to swine diets on ...

BACKGROUND Small intestinal and oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) is determined for clinical diagnostics and research purposes. Experimental protocols used vary with respect to the inclusion of a subsequent meal during the test period. This study was conducted to elucidate whether the ingestion of a subsequent meal during the test period influences the OCTT of the test meal. MATERIALS AND METHODS...

This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations. Ten healthy normal subjects were given either a 910-calorie HFHC meal or an American Heart ...

The macronutrient composition of the diet has been shown to affect food intake, with proteins having distinct effects. The present study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with individual amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, arginine, proline and threonine) on meal pattern among male rats. Meal pattern and body weight were monitored for two weeks. Proline and threonine had minimal effe...

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between meal frequency with mental distress and violent behavior among a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The participants of this national study were 14,880 Iranian students with 6 to 18 years of age. They were selected from urban and rural regions of Iran by multi-stage cluster ...

There are limited data on the DE and ME values and the digestibility of fiber in canola meal, rapeseed meal, and rapeseed expellers fed to pigs. This experiment was conducted to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, ADF, and NDF and to calculate DE and ME values in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Twenty-three barrows (init...

Precision feeding aims to provide the correct amount of feed farmed animals for optimal growth and performance avoid waste. However, knowledge underlying meal-to-meal variability in voluntary intake species is still limited. This study examined relationship between meals, deprivation time (pellets) consumed by Atlantic salmon post smolts. The data was collected from individual fish handfed sati...

Production responses obtained with supplemental protein from expeller soybean meal or corn by-products, relative to solvent soybean meal, were determined in three replicated 4 x 4 Latin square trials. Dietary forage (54 to 58% of DM) was solely alfalfa silage containing 30 to 55% DM and 21% CP (DM basis). Main concentrate ingredient was either ground shelled or high moisture corn; diets were fe...