Introduction Giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia is a worldwide health problem. Although mortality due to Giardiasis is generally low, massive infections can lead to considerable morbidity. This infection is more endemic in regions with poor sanitation, e. g. developing countries. Different rates such as 10.9% in the whole country [1] 26.2% in Damghan[2] and 7% in Ardabil [3] have been reporte...

Aim: The possible association between certain childhood infections and the propensity to develop nocturnal enuresis may include intestinal helminth infections. Objective: To explore the association between Enterobius vermicularis and nocturnal enuresis among children 4 to 7 years of age in a Turkish orphanage. Methods: Eighty children (45 boy, 35 girl, age range 4-7 years) participated in this ...

Background: More than 650 types of leech have been recognized in the world that 50 types of these nutrition of blood mammals. So far in the different Nations Pharmacopeia  not registered drug  for treatment of complications with leech in the world .Chamomile is one of the most widely used and well-documented medicinal plants in the world which used for treatment of anti -spasmodic ,anti-inflamm...

BACKGROUND It is widely recognized that only a handful of drugs are available against soil-transmitted helminthiasis, all of which are characterized by a low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura, when administered as single doses. The re-evaluation of old, forgotten drugs is a promising strategy to identify alternative anthelminthic drug candidates or drug combinations. METHODOLOGY We studied...

OBJECTIVE To measure the effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on iron status, anaemia, growth, morbidity, and development of children aged 6-59 months. DESIGN Double blind, placebo controlled randomised factorial trial of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment. SETTING Community in Pemba Island, Zanzibar. PARTICIPANTS 614 preschool children aged 6-59 months....

BACKGROUND Infections with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) are widespread and often occur concomitantly. These parasitic-worm infections are typically treated with albendazole or mebendazole, but both drugs show low efficacy against T. trichiura. Albendazole is the drug of choice against hookworm. METHODS In this double-blind trial conducte...

Since the 2001 adoption of the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution calling for the global deworming of children affected by soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and schistosomiasis, the world’s public health leaders have gradually responded. Although we are still behind schedule in terms of the WHA’s original 2010 targets, WHO continues to report progress— in 2015, approximately 59% of...

INTRODUCTION Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are predominately controlled by providing children with preventive chemotherapy with either albendazole or mebendazole. However, neither has a high efficacy against Trichuris trichiura. This low efficacy limits the overall effectiveness of the current STH control programmes against T. trichiura. It has been demonstrated that co-administeri...

Millions of people are treated with anthelmintics to control soil-transmitted helminth infections; yet, drug distribution in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract compartments and the pathway of drug uptake into gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for the pharmacological effect are unknown. We assessed the distribution and uptake of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone in ...