In this article, the effects of different foam production times and temperatures on the mechanical, physical, and structural properties of polypropylene (PP) foam has been investigated. The microcellular PP foams were carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a physical foaming agent in a batch process. The samples were placed in a pressure vessel and were saturated ...

In a biased weak (a, b) polyform achievement game, the maker and the breaker alternately mark a, b previously unmarked cells on an infinite board, respectively. The maker’s goal is to mark a set of cells congruent to a polyform. The breaker tries to prevent the maker from achieving this goal. A winning maker strategy for the (a, b) game can be built from winning strategies for games involving f...

Abstract Gas, which is trapped in either solid or liquid pockets, results foam formation. Foam formation common many industries, i.e., detergents, food and beverage, cosmetics, fire-fighting. excess causes biotechnology fermentation instabilities, including material loss the danger of contaminating environment. Many foam-controlling measures have been reported, thermal, enzymatic, mechanical, u...

A new method that researching fault diagnosis of high-voltage (HV) circuit breaker (CB) is proposed. The method combines Wavelet Packet (WP) with Radical Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network (NN). Firstly, by applying the theory of WP decomposition and reconstruction, the mechanical vibration signal of CB was decomposed into different frequency bands, and the coefficients are reconstructed in th...

In a (1 : b) Maker-Breaker game, one of the central questions is to find the maximal value of b that allows Maker to win the game (that is, the critical bias b∗). Erdős conjectured that the critical bias for many Maker-Breaker games played on the edge set of Kn is the same as if both players claim edges randomly. Indeed, in many Maker-Breaker games, “Erdős Paradigm” turned out to be true. There...

Over the past several decades, aluminum foam (Al-foam) has found increasing popularity in industrial applications due to its unique material properties. Unfortunately, till date Al-foam can only be affordably manufactured in flat panels, and it becomes necessary to bend the foam to the final shape that is required in engineering applications. Past studies have shown that thin cell walls crack a...

We study the following Maker/Breaker game. Maker and Breaker take turns in choosing vertices from a given n-uniform hypergraph F , with Maker going first. Maker’s goal is to completely occupy a hyperedge and Breaker tries to avoid this. Beck conjectures that if the maximum neighborhood size of F is at most 2 then Breaker has a winning strategy. We disprove this conjecture by establishing an n-u...

Fiber structures, yarn structures, and mechanical properties of fibers namely tensile modulus, tenacity, and elongation, are the key performance indicators of fabric cut resistance. p-aramid and UHDPE (Ultra High Density Polyethylene) based high performance fibers are most commonly used for protection against mechanical risks. Specially engineered composite yarns and fabrics enhance cut resista...

We consider a tic-tac-toe game played on the d-dimensional integer lattice. The game that we investigate is a Maker–Breaker version of tic-tac-toe. In a Maker– Breaker game, the first player, Maker, only tries to occupy a winning line and the second player, Breaker, only tries to stop Maker from occupying a winning line. We consider the bounded number of directions game, in which we designate a...