Abstract Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics. A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting both transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) twinning-induced (TWIP) was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys. Particular attention placed on quantitatively understanding compo...

We studied twinning and fertility indices in mothers with spontaneous monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and in mothers who conceived their twins after the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Participants in this study consisted of 8,222 and 5,505 women with spontaneous DZ and MZ offspring and 4,164 and 250 women with ART DZ and MZ twin pairs, respectively. Women were compared...

Paternal influence on twinning was investigated through a study of all the state and church records of Scotland for the period 1800-2000 (nine generations) in relation to one Scottish patronymic - in total 50,000 births. All recorded twins born with the chosen patronymic were identified and their whole paternal ascent and descent on the male line were charted for twins. There were established t...

There is widespread concern about a possible decline in human fertility in recent decades. The spontaneous dizygotic twinning rate provides a way of measuring a combination of male plus female fertility as it reflects the frequency of double ovulation, the probability of fertilization, and the survival of the zygote. There was a decline in dizygotic twinning rates in developed countries which b...

The crystal structure of superoxide dismutase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum was determined by molecular replacement at 1.8 A resolution. The structure determination was made especially challenging by the large number of molecules (24) in the asymmetric unit, the presence of a pseudo-crystallographic twofold operator close to a twinning operator and the inability...

Variation in the frequency of twinning among human populations has been presumed to reflect genetic differences. It has been commonly reported that populations of African ancestry have the highest, those of Asian ancestry the lowest, and those of European and Middle-Eastern ancestry intermediate frequencies of twinning. Populations from the Americas have been reported to have intermediate twinn...

Based on the birth record data from the National Vital Statistics in the 1990 Census of China, the present study analyzed the differences between urban and rural areas on monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin rates by maternal age in 1989. The twins by zygosity were calculated with Weinberg's differential method. Results show that the MZ and DZ twinning rates in China were associated with ma...

The seasonality of twinning in the Spanish populations has not been studied until now. Differences between seasonal distribution of the twin conceptions and those of the single births have been observed in other populations. The aim of this work is to explore the frequency of twinning in a rural population from Catalonia during the nineteenth century, as well as the seasonality patterns charact...

Because of the predominance of multiple ovulation in mice, it has been generally accepted that evidence for monozygotic twinning would be difficult to obtain. The two attempts that have been made have failed to find any evidence for twins surviving birth at a measurable rate. In Fisher and Mather's (I936) sevenfold backcross experiment there is no evidence of twinning at all. In each of Bateman...

Alloys with combined outstanding strength and excellent ductility are highly desirable for many structural applications. However, alloys subjected to deformation at very high strain rates and/or cryogenic temperatures usually suffer from limited ductility. Here, we demonstrate that a bulk CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy presents exceptional combination of during over wide temperature range. Full te...