Chromogranin A (CgA), the major catecholamine storage vesicle (CSV) soluble protein, may index exocytotic sympathoadrenal secretion. To explore CgA in adrenergic tissues, we developed a radioimmunoassay for bovine CgA. Within adrenal medulla CSV, several minor chromogranins had similar amino acid compositions and peptide maps to that of CgA and also showed parallel, partial cross-reactivity in ...

Large quantities of radiopharmaceuticals prescribed for treatment and diagnosis are excreted through kidney. Therefore, radiation unwanted dose is created in kidney. As a result, exact calculation of prescribed radiopharmaceuticals amount is important. Monte Carlo method is used for simulation of radiation transport in body due to random nature of radiation. In this research, for the first time...

Hypokalemia causes a significant decrease in the tonicity of the renal medullary interstitium in association with reduced expression of sodium transporters in the distal tubule. We asked whether hypokalemia caused downregulation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) transcriptional activator in the renal medulla due to the reduced tonicity. We found that the abundance of ...

Nephrotoxicity has long been the most severe and life-threatening side-effect of cisplatin, whose anticancer effect is therefore restricted. Previous pathological studies have shown that both renal cortex and medulla could be injured by cisplatin. Our TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) assay results further uncovered that medulla subjected more severe ...

The present study was performed to determine whether the powerful depressor and sympathoinhibitory response that can be evoked from neurons in the caudal midline medulla is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition of sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral part of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). In anesthetized barointact and barodenervated rabbits, bilateral microinjectio...

Information about the input and output pathways of higher-order brain neuropils is essential for gaining an understanding of their functions. The present study examines the connectivity of two higher-order neuropils in the central olfactory pathway of the crayfish: the accessory lobe and its target neuropil, the hemiellipsoid body. It is known that the two subregions of the accessory lobe, the ...

Quantitative estimations of the total circumference (in mm) of Henle's thin segment (TCH) and of the collecting tubules (TCC) in the renal inner medulla of man, swine, dog and hamster were made at different distances (X) from the papillary apex. The results were expressed as exponential functions of X, the distance in mm along the medullary ray from the papillary apex to a certain point of the ...