An advanced three-phase phase field approach (PFA) is suggested for a nonequilibrium phase interface that contains an intermediate phase, in particular, a solid-solid interface with a nanometer-sized intermediate melt (IM). A thermodynamic potential in the polar order parameters is developed that satisfies all thermodynamic equilibrium and stability conditions. The special form of the gradient ...

Understanding what governs the speciation in the C–O–H–N system aids our knowledge of how volatiles affect mass transfer processes in the Earth’s interior. Experiments with aluminosilicate melt + C–O–H–N volatiles were, therefore, carried out with Raman and infrared spectroscopy to 800 °C and near 700 MPa in situ in hydrothermal diamond anvil cells. The measurements were conducted in situ with ...

Single crystals of Mn V Mo O were grown in a MnO/V O /MoO melt under a nitrogen atmosphere (orthorhombic, space 2.47 0.94 1.06 8 2 5 3 ̊ ̊ ̊ group Pnma (No. 62), a55.167(2) A, b510.580(3) A, c517.868(4) A, and Z56). The crystallization, composition, and quality of the crystals were largely influenced by the composition of the melt, temperature and the oxygen partial pressure.  1998 Elsevier Scien...

Morokweng is a large, 145 Ma impact structure in the Northwest Province of South Africa. The impact origin of this structure and its melt rock has been confirmed by ample evidence of shock metamorphism in clasts within the melt rock and samples from granitoid basement below the melt body. The age of this structure is indistinguishable from the biostratigraphic age of the Jurassic-Cretaceous (J-...

A number of recent quantitative mineralogical interpretations of S-type asteroids have identified compositions consistent with partially differentiated assemblages [e.g., 1-5]. However, partially differentiated meteorites (often designated as " primitive achon-drites ") constitute only a tiny fraction of the meteorite falls represented in terrestrial collections (~0.2% [6]). These two results w...

At low temperatures (<750 °C at moderate to high crustal pressures), the production of suffi cient melt to reach the melt connectivity transition (~7 vol%), enabling melt drainage, requires an infl ux of aqueous fl uid along structurally controlled pathways or recycling of fl uid via migration of melt and exsolution during crystallization. At higher temperatures, melting occurs by fl uid-absent...

Mycoplasma synoviae infection in chickens and turkeys can cause respiratory disease, infectious synovitis and eggshell apex abnormality; thus it is an economically important pathogen. Control of M. synoviae infection comprises eradication, medication or vaccination. The differentiation of the temperature sensitive (ts+) MS-H vaccine strain from field isolates is crucial during vaccination progr...

In this paper, the melting of a semi-infinite body as a result of a moving laser beam has been studied. Because the Fourier heat transfer equation at short times and large dimensions does not have sufficient accuracy; a non-Fourier form of heat transfer equation has been used. Due to the fact that the beam is moving in x direction, the temperature distribution and the melting pool shape are not...

Satellite remote sensing time-series images are used to illustrate the spatial and temporal variability in Antarctic-wide seaice surface melting during the austral summer. Combinations of collocated data from the Active Microwave Instrument on board the ERS-1/2 spacecraft, RadarSat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and SSM/I passive microwave radiometer are used in characterization of the effects ...

A new approach to magnet fabrication, react, wind and sinter (RWS), has been proposed for Bi Sr CaCu O (Bi2212), magnets. In this process, the conventional Bi2212 heat treatment is split into two portions, and the magnet is wound between these heat treatments. Here we report results on the RWS “split melt process”. Significant increases in are obtained in Bi2212 round wires compared to standard...