It has been shown that the mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation increases perception of effort and reduces performance during subsequent endurance exercise. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these negative effects of mental fatigue are unclear. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mental fatigue exacerbates central fatigue induced by whole-...

It has long been established that the pupil diameter increases during mental activities in proportion to the difficulty of the task at hand. However, it is still unclear whether this relationship between the pupil size and effort applies also to physical effort. In order to address this issue, we asked healthy volunteers to perform a power grip task, at varied intensity, while evaluating their ...

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between photopic open-loop accommodation and vergence and the effect of mental effort on these positions. METHODS Twenty subjects (11 men and 9 women) viewed monocularly a photopic (25 cdm-2), high-contrast (90%) Maltese cross-target for 3 minutes, through a 0.5-mm pinhole drilled into an infrared filter. Accommodation was measured objectively at 1-seco...

Inaccurate judgments of task difficulty and invested mental effort may negatively affect how accurate students monitor their own performance. When students are not able to accurately monitor their own performance, they cannot control their learning effectively (e.g., allocate adequate mental effort and study time). Although students’ judgments of task difficulty and invested mental effort are c...

s?dra’s system of philosophy is consist of deep reflection on the secrets of existence; mental ascesis and juridical j?h?d that in which the effort of the seeker and true-hearted sage who could reach to the level of v?lay?t, for completion of his mental and spiritual journey, continuously enjoys from god’s grace and confirmation. m?lla s?dra believes in endowment wisdom and in some parts of his...

OBJECTIVES To clarify the associations between psychosocial work stressors and mental ill health, a meta-analysis of psychosocial work stressors and common mental disorders was undertaken using longitudinal studies identified through a systematic literature review. METHODS The review used a standardized search strategy and strict inclusion and quality criteria in seven databases in 1994-2005....

Executive approaches to creativity emphasize that generating creative ideas can be hard and requires mental effort. Few studies, however, have examined effort-related physiological activity during creativity tasks. Using motivational intensity theory as a framework, we examined predictors of effort-related cardiac activity during a creative challenge. A sample of 111 adults completed a divergen...