There is no doubt that nutritional status can have significant and sometimes profound effects on human mental performance (Table 1). This is evidenced by, for example, the consequences of chronic and severe food restriction (Smart, 1993), thiamin deficiency (Kanarek & Marks-Kaufman, 1991), and Fe deficiency (Pollitt, 1987). Acute effects of food and fluid ingestion have also been described, and...

In this article we review information-processing studies applicable to the similar structure hypothesis. This hypothesis holds that when nonorganically impaired retarded and nonretarded persons are similar in general developmental level, they are also similar in the cognitive processes and concepts by which they reason. Results of this review were strikingly different from those of an earlier r...

The aim of the present mini meta-analysis was to compute the overall effect of mental fatigue induced by two cognitive tasks (namely, AX-continuous performance test or AX-CPT and incongruent Stroop test) on mood state, particularly on vigor, assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), in both physically active and trained subjects. Search strategy was taken from a systematic review recently c...

An abundant literature suggests that intellectual performance can be improved following the intake of a glucose load, or of some carbohydrate-rich food. Improved mental performance generally correlates with the subjects’ blood glucose level at the time of tests. Inconclusive studies also exist and the overall picture of glucose effects on cognition remains enigmatic. Cognition represents a comp...

Volume 2—Number 1 © 2008 the Authors Journal Compilation © 2008 International Mind, Brain, and Education Society and Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 7 ABSTRACT — Cognitive performance is affected by an individual ’ s characteristics and the environment, as well as by the nature of the task and the amount of practice at it. Mental performance tests range in complexity and include subjective estimates...

The present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on anxiety of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. The present study population includes all state universities, Islamic Azad Universities of Tabriz students a...

This article presents a meta-model of user interfaces, based on the idea of mental models. This meta-model provides its utility in single-user environments as well as those for multiusers. A prototype is presented that implements the meta-model and two trial areas are chosen for discussing its operation. The most innovative aspect is unifying di!erent use schemes in one interface, like temporar...

A distinction is drawn between non-conscious (unexperienced), conscious (experienced), and meta-conscious (re-represented) mental processes. There is evidence for two types of dissociations between consciousness and meta-consciousness, the latter being defined as the intermittent explicit re-representation of the contents of consciousness. Temporal dissociations occur when an individual, who pr...