Digital image analysis of the cloudless sky's daytime and twilight chromaticities challenges some existing ideas about sky colors. First, although the observed colors of the clear daytime sky do lie near the blackbody locus, their meridional chromaticity curves may resemble it very little. Second, analyses of twilight colors show that their meridional chromaticity curves vary greatly, with some...

An analysis of the mean three-dimensional horizontal circulation in the subtropical South Atlantic based on velocity fields derived primarily from Argo data and AVISO sea surface heights, collected in the years 2000–2012, provides new insight into the zonal and meridional transports in the subtropical gyre. The velocity fields reveal the reduction of the latitudinal extent of the subtropical gy...

A crystalline triply bridged molecular gyroscope has been prepared and analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A convergent synthetic strategy was developed to control the direction of the three bridges, from the preferred two zonal and one meridional arrangement of a one-step cylclization process to the directed three meridional bridges achieved by a north-south desymmetrization.

-The sidewall is one of the regions where service failures occur in a pneumatic tire. Knowledge of the stresses or strains developed in the sidewall under varying service conditions is required if such pneumatic-tire failures are to be avoided. This paper describes an experimental investigation into the effect of inflation pressure, vehicle load and camber angle on the sidewall-surface strains ...

In planar dielectric waveguides, there is only one type of propagated ray: the one that crosses the waveguide axis after each total internal reflection. According to the model of geometrical optics, there are two types of guided ray in fibre optics: meridional and skew. Each one is formulated by a suitable mathematical treatment. In this work, we demonstrate that the complex mathematical treatm...

We present a numerical study of 2D axisymmetric flows in a rotating annulus convectively forced by local thermal forcing via a heated annular ring at the bottom near the external wall and a cooled circular disk near the centre at the top surface of the annulus. Two vertically and horizontally displaced heat sources/sinks are arranged so thatstatically unstable Rayleigh-Bénard convection would b...

Abstract For a quasi steady state condition, the water vapor flux from the ocean to atmosphere typical of the salty subtropics must be compensated by ocean processes that transfer freshwater into the evaporative regime. Observations of the North Atlantic subtropical sea surface salinity maximum region frequently reveal the presence of eddies with distinct salinity/temperature signatures of up t...

The “edge” of the Antarctic polar vortex is known to behave as a barrier to the meridional (poleward) transport of ozone during the austral winter. This chemical isolation of the polar vortex from the middle and low latitudes produces an ozone minimum in the vortex region, intensifying the ozone hole relative to that which would be produced by photochemical processes alone. Observational determ...