Interest in protein structure prediction is wide-spread, and has been previously addressed using evolutionary algorithms, such as the Simple genetic algorithm (GA), messy GA (mga), fast messy GA (fmGA), and Linkage Learning GA (LLGA). However, past research used off the shelf software such as GENOCOP, GENESIS, and mGA. In this study we report results of a modified fmGA, which is found to be “go...

Library and museum digital collections are increasingly aggregated at various levels. Large-scale aggregations, often characterized by heterogeneous or messy metadata, pose unique and growing challenges to aggregation administrators – not only in facilitating end-user discovery and access, but in performing basic administrative and curatorial tasks in a scalable way, such as finding messy data ...

Endosymbiosis, the extreme form of symbiosis where one symbiont is contained within the other, usually arises via parasitism or ingestion [Margulis, 1993]. This horizontal gene-transfer results in additional genetic material, from the point of view of either organism concerned. Sexual reproduction, in contrast, involves vertical gene-transfer, and implements the exchange of genetic material in ...

Online postgraduate education has been perceived as taking place in a potentially isolating virtual space. Recent research challenged this view and demonstrated how online learning is entangled with the student’s location or world. And yet, can remain silent, almost invisible, presence experience. It recognised that student embodied, while not necessarily considering importance of where they ar...

In this article, the authors construct a story of one woman's (Justine's) experience of learning to run within the context of a beginners group. Building on existing scholarship on narrative, aging, and physical activity, this work is part of a larger ethnographic project examining subjective accounts of the physically active aging body across the life course. Concerned with often simplisticall...

1. Leading scholars have conceptualized the field of Comparative Politics in terms of a contrast or a choice of theories and methods between a “disciplined center” and a “messy center.” While the former is driven by the search for a single, predominant theoretical and dominant methodological approach, the latter is characterized by a caseor problem-driven empirical research agenda with a multip...

David Lewis (1980) proposed the Principal Principle (PP) and a “reformulation” which later on he called ‘OP’ (Old Principle). Reacting to his belief that these principles run into trouble, Lewis (1994) concluded that they should be replaced with the New Principle (NP). This conclusion left Lewis uneasy, because he thought that an inverse form of NP is “quite messy”, whereas an inverse form of O...

The exploitation of the physical characteristics has already been demonstrated in the intrinsic evolution of electronic circuits. This paper is an initial attempt at creating a world in which "physics" can be exploited in simulation. As a starting point we investigate a model of gate-like components with added noise. We refer to this as a kind of messiness. The principal idea behind these messy...