The step line tension in electrochemical systems differs conceptually from the line tension on metals in the vacuum because it refers to different boundary conditions. A procedure is established for calculating the electrochemical line tension and is applied to a novel model of the interface comprising both a stepped metal electrode and an electrolyte solution. To first order, the potential dep...

Dielectric spectroscopy is useful for the characterization of colloidal dispersions. In the past, dielectric spectroscopy has been attempted using parallel metal electrodes to measure the permittivity and conductivity of colloids. However, it is difficult in practice to make these measurements in conductive solutions because large measurement errors can be caused by electrode polarization, whic...

We report a new technique for fabricating electrodes for electrochemical applications with lateral dimensions in the range 15-200 nm and a reproducible, well-defined geometry. This technique allows determining the electrode size by electron microscopy prior to electrochemical measurements and without contamination of the metal electrode. We measured the diffusion-limited current with stepped-cu...

Equilibrium in the electronic subsystem across the solution-metal interface is considered to connect the standard electrode potential to the statistics of localized electronic states in solution. We argue that a correct derivation of the Nernst equation for the electrode potential requires a careful separation of the relevant time scales. An equation for the standard metal potential is derived ...

A carbon sphere-modified glass carbon electrode was prepared by employing cyclohexanol as a solvent to disperse the carbon spheres efficiently. The resulting electrode exhibits excellent sensitivity to cadmium(II), and a detection limit of 10(-10) mol/L has been obtained, which is one order of magnitude lower than those obtained by other electrodes. Along with immunity from interference of othe...

A voltammetric electronic tongue consisting of a composite metal base electrode array for discrimination of basic taste has been presented. The electrode array consisting of Gold, Nickel, Palladium, Copper and Glassy Carbon as working electrode, has been used for transforming information of taste substances into electric signal. The electrodes output show different patterns for chemical substan...

In this chapter, we describe a resistance change technology that is based entirely on metal cation transport and redox reactions in simple two-terminal metal–electrolyte–metal/metal–insulator–metal (MEM/MIM) device structures 005B [1]. The device uses an oxidizable (soluble) active electrode, typically (but not limited to) Ag or Cu. The counter electrode is an inert (not soluble in the solid el...

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful technique for studying Li-Ion battery materials as Li distribution in the electrode material can be mapped with nanometer scale resolution. In addition, valence state of the transition metal in the positive electrode and charge transfer during lithiation and delithiation processes can be analyzed by measuring the relative intensity of the t...

The authors investigate light absorption in organic solar cells in which indium tin oxide (ITO) is replaced by a new metallic architecture (grating) as a transparent electrode. Different from typical metal nanowire gratings, our gratings consist of metal nanowalls with nanoscale footprint and (sub)microscale height [Adv. Mater. 23, 2469 (2011)], thus ensuring high optical transmittance and elec...