The effectiveness of two new supercharging reagents for producing highly charged ions by electrospray ionization (ESI) from aqueous solutions in which proteins have native structures and reactivities were investigated. In aqueous solution, 2-thiophenone and 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (HD) at a concentration of 2% by volume can increase the average charge of cytochrome c and myoglobin by...

Propylene glycol is discharged to the surface and underground waters and vicinity soils via industrial wastewater effluents, posing many health and environmental risks. The main goal of this study was to remove propylene glycol from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed activated sludge reactor. To observe the effects of organic loading on bioreactor performance, the organic loading was increased...

The cryoprotective additives (CPAs) used in the frozen storage of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa) include a variety of simple and more complex chemical compounds, but only a few of them have been used widely and with satisfactory results: these include dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO), glycerol, blood serum or serum albumin, skimmed milk, peptone, yeast extract, saccharo...

In this paper, a novel poly-generation system for olefin and power production from natural gas is proposed, which integrates hydrocarbon production and the combined cycle power generation. Economic and technological evaluation based on the internal rate of return (IRR) and exergy efficiency is performed. The energy integration results in the proposed poly-generation system for simultaneous prod...

Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used in mild to moderate pain and fever. The rapid onset of action of ibuprofen depends on its solubility. Though ibuprofen has high membrane permeability, its solubility in aqueous media is poor (2.5mg/ml). To improve the solubility, several approaches such as solid dispersion, prodrug, inclusion complex, microencapsule etc. were do...

AIM This study aimed to evaluate penetration of propylene glycol into root dentine. METHODOLOGY Safranin O in propylene glycol and in distilled water were introduced into root canals with and without artificial smear layer. Dye diffusion through dentinal tubules was determined spectrophotometrically. The time required for dye to exit through the apical foramen using propylene glycol and disti...

OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between high-dose lorazepam and serum propylene glycol concentrations. Secondary objectives were a) to document the occurrence of propylene glycol accumulation associated with continuous high-dose lorazepam infusion; b) to assess the relationship between lorazepam dose, serum propylene glycol concentrations, and propylene glycol ...

Keratosis, one of the earliest skin manifestations of arsenicosis, can be treated by either oral or topical formulation of drug. In this study we examined the effectiveness and tolerance of propylene glycol for the treatment of arsenical palmer keratosis. Sixty patients of arsenicosis with palmer keratoses were randomly divided into three groups and different concentrations (15, 30 and 45%) of ...

Presently, both direct vapor partitioning and solvent extraction methods of sample preparation are commonly used for the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil. These two approaches of recovering VOCs from this matrix, and other forms of solid waste, are often used interchangeably without any recognition of how different parameters (enviromental and procedural) influence ...