We present a formal model of intra-party politics to explain candidate selection within political parties. We think of parties as heterogeneous groups of individuals who aim to implement a set of policies but who differ in their priorities. When party heterogeneity is too great, parties are in danger of splitting into smaller yet more homogeneous political groups. In this context we argue that ...

Stalled fertility declines have been identified in several regions across the developing world, but the current conceptualization of a stalled fertility decline is poorly theorized and does not lend itself to objective measurement. We propose a more rigorous and statistically testable definition of stalled fertility decline that can be applied to time-series data. We then illustrate the utility...

We explore the effect of transparency of fiscal institutions on the scale of government and gubernatorial popularity using a formal model of accountability. We construct an index of fiscal transparency for the American states from detailed budgetary information. With crosssection data for 1986-1995, we find that on average and controlling for other influential factors fiscal transparency increa...

The sesquicentennial of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s birth in September 1999 is being celebrated in Russia by a special issue of the Russian Journal of Physiology (the former I. M. Sechenov Physiological Journal, founded by Pavlov in 1917). The following article and the address by Skinner that it introduces are scheduled to appear in Russian translation in that special issue. Skinner’s ‘‘Some Respon...

The Clinica Para Madres (Mother?s Clinic) opened in Tucson, Arizona, in December of 1934 as the first birth control [3] clinic in Arizona. After moving to Tucson, birth control [3] activist Margaret Sanger, along with a group of local philanthropic women, founded the clinic to provide Arizona women with contraception [4]. During the early 1900s in the US, contraception [4] was illegal under the...