A nonlinear acoustic effect is a sensitive tool to detect a micro-scale crack or early stage of cracking during the fatigue process. The damage produces a nonlinear stress-strain relationship, and the nonlinearity can be measured by a higher harmonic component in the frequency domain. The greater the damage, the larger the level of a nonlinearity, which can be used for the diagnosis of micro-cr...

The nonlinear pull-in behaviors of various electrostatic micro-actuators were simulated. The differential quadrature method (DQM) was applied to overcome the difficulty in solving the nonlinear equation of motion. Various types of micro-actuators, such as the cantilever beam actuator and the fixed-fixed beam actuator were derived and simulated to examine the feasibility of applying the DQM to t...

We demonstrate a fabrication procedure for the direct integration of micro-ball lenses on planar integrated optical channel waveguide chips with the aim to reduce the divergence of light that arises from the waveguide in both horizontal and vertical directions. Fabrication of the lenses is based on photoresist reflow which is a procedure that allows for the use of photolithography for careful a...

To allow testing of micro-scale aerodynamics, a process was created to manufacture beam structures that combine spans of 1 cm with a cross-section of 5 μm by 100 μm. The structural considerations limiting the fabrication of a structure combining macro-scale spans with a micro-scale cross-section are analyzed. Limiting considerations include forces during operation, fluid forces during release, ...

Decomposition of chromophore molecules under direct electron beam irradiation reduces the refractive index of chromophore containing polymers. The induced refractive index contrast between the exposed and unexposed regions is high enough for waveguide bends of small radius and thus micro-ring resonator devices. This electron beam bleaching of chromophore-containing polymers provides a fabricati...

Nitinol is used in dental tools for its superelasticity, shape memory and biocompatibility. Selective laser melting (SLM) on a powder bed potential process manufacturing such as tools. Microstructural studies are conducted NiTi-SLM using parallel strip strategy 90° beam rotation. The multi-scale (nano-, micro- mesoscopic) microstructure revealed. Similar “cast” type features found. SLM melt cas...

10 12 V/m. The acceleration was found to take place within a few ps only. The beam always is directed normal to the rear surface of the target with an emittance being superior compared to conventional accelerator beams [2, 3]. The laser pulse accelerates electrons to relativistic energies in the front side preplasma formed by the prepulse. They penetrate the target and escape at the rear side. ...