Agrochemical research over the last two decades has resulted in the discovery of chemically novel insecticides that mimic the action of the two insect growth and developmental hormones, the steroidal 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH). Bisacylhydrazines are non-steroidal agonists of 20E and exhibit their insecticidal activity via interaction with the ecdyster...

background: the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l), is a world wide hygienic pest that is very difficult to control. extensive usage of insecticides may develop resistance to a variety of insecticides, causing failure to control. this study was designed to determine resistance of hospital-collected strains of the german cockroach to carbamate and organophosphorous insecticides. methods: ...

the house fly, musca domestica l., is known as one of the most important hygiene problems worldwide. it has shown a high potential to develop resistance to chemical insecticides. this study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility or resistance of the house fly, which were collected from 3 livestock farms near the city of ahvaz, to prevalent pyrethroid insecticides (delthamethrin, lambda-...

In Agricultural practices pesticides are used for crop production and to produce high yield. But indiscriminate and excessive use of pesticides in agriculture leads to environmental pollution and in soil it is not degrading. A pesticide disturbs the activities of soil enzymes and soil micro biota. So we investigated in laboratory conditions that the effect of two insecticides, Thiodicarb (Dimet...

Bedbugs are found in many countries around the world, and in some regions they are resistant to numerous insecticides. This study surveyed bedbugs in Thailand and determined their resistance to insecticides. The surveys were carried out in six provinces that attract large numbers of foreign tourists: Bangkok, Chonburi, Chiang Mai, Ubon Ratchathani, Phuket, and Krabi. Bedbugs were collected from...

Pure cultures of Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Achromobacter sp. were shown to transform five pyrethroid insecticides in the presence of Tween 80. One of the major products, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, was further transformed to 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Permethrin was the most rapidly transformed of the pyrethroids, with a half-life of less than 5 days.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels which mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in insect and vertebrate nervous systems. The great abundance of nAChRs within the insect central nervous system has led to the development of insecticides targeting these receptors, such as neonicotinoid insecticides. Neonicotinoid insecticides act selectively on insect...

OBJECTIVE To examine the peripheral auditory disorders in a group of workers exposed to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, used in vector control campaigns. METHODS The prevalence study examined a population of 98 individuals who sprayed insecticides in campaigns for the prevention of Dengue, Chagas disease and Yellow fever. The sampling approach was finalistic, and included the wor...

OBJECTIVE Although insecticides are widely used in many countries, few studies of their use in households have been conducted. This study was carried out to describe the household use of insecticides according to per capita income. METHODS From October 1999 to January 2000, questionnaires on the use of household insecticides were applied to 2,039 households in the urban area of Pelotas, Brazi...

background: human malaria remains a major malady in eastern iran. vector control interventions such as indoor residual spraying are used to fight with the disease. this study was undertaken to determine the lethal and residual effects of three different pyrethroid insecticides on adult mosquitoes of anopheles stephensi on different surfaces in iran, as part of a national program to monitor inse...