Despite the widespread use of chlorination for microbial control in aqueous environments, cellular response mechanisms of human pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, against chlorination remain unknown. In this work, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate cellular response of S. aureusto hypochlorous acid, an active antimicrobial product of chlorination in aqueous s...

Chalcogenide semiconductor quantum dots are emerging as promising nanomaterials due to their size tunable optoelectronic properties. The commercial synthesis and their subsequent integration for practical uses have, however, been contorted largely due to the toxicity and cost issues associated with the present chemical synthesis protocols. Accordingly, there is an immediate need to develop alte...

An important objective is to identify nutrients or dietary factors that are most critical for advancing our knowledge of, and improving our ability to predict, milk protein production. The Dairy NRC (2001) model is sensitive to prediction of microbial protein synthesis, which is among the most important component of models integrating requirement and corresponding supply of metabolizable protei...

This review is concerned with lipase catalyzed synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters in water immiscible organic solvents. Sugar esters are widely used nonionic and nontoxic biosurfactants. Certain sugar esters inhibit microbial growth and have other activities. Lipase mediated synthesis has important advantages over conventional chemical synthesis of sugar esters. Lipase catalyzed synthesis is ...

Background and Aims: Gold nanoparticles have potential applications in the areas of medicine, target drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, electronic, etc. Recently, biological system is considered as an environmental friendly method for synthesis of stable nanoparticles. Methods: We demonstrated a biological system for formation of stable gold nanoparticle by using Cupriavidus necator w...

Chloramphenicol can inhibit protein synthesis in mammalian cell-free systems as effectively as it inhibits protein synthesis in analogous microbial systems. Significant inhibition in mammalian systems was obtained only when protein synthesis was stimulated by the addition of template RNA to the system, there being comparatively little inhibition of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the absence ...

I . A total of six diets based on maize silage were formulated to examine the effect of proteinand non-protein-nitrogen, and energy supplementation on the flow of amino acids to the small intestine and the synthesis of microbial amino acids in the rumen of growing cattle. All diets contained 24 g total nitrogen (N)/kg dry matter (DM), of which 550 g N/kg total N was supplied by either urea or f...