Since 1970, vehicle’s exhaust pollutions have received increasing attention as a source of air pollution at both local (human health concerns) and global (global warming) scales. This study mainly discusses diesel and gasoline vehicles because, today, over 90% of vehicles on the road use gasoline and diesel fuels. The major concerns of gasoline exhaust contaminants are carbon monoxide (CO), hyd...

The intestinal epithelia rely on resident stem cells to undergo homeostatic growth as well as tissue repair upon injury. In response to insults elicited by pathological bacterial infection or tissue damaging chemicals such as dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), intestinal stem cells (ISCs) speed up their proliferation and differentiation to effectively replenish lost cells. Despite numerous studies, ...

When it comes to the marketing of the bioenergy brand, one of the catchiest slogans out these days is " 25 by '25 ". Adopted and supported by industries, academia and government agencies alike, this organization simply aims to supply 25 percent of our energy from renewable resources by the year 2025. By focusing its future efforts on wind, solar and biomass resources, the " 25 by 25 " initiativ...

I AM CHAIR OF THE Board of Directors of the National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals (NOGLSTP) that encompasses lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) people in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. On behalf of NOGLSTP, an AAAS affiliate since 1994, I wish to register our indignation with the 11 July cover of Scie...

Every major change in the living standards for humans on our planet has had an energy revolution at its heart – the advent of the industrial age with the steam engine and use of coal, the internal combustion engine and large-scale electricity generation. The energy demand, primarily from emerging economies, will double by 2050. The countervailing urgency of the threat of climate change requires...

B ecoming independent of crude oil imports, mainly from the Middle East, is an urgent concern for many countries all over the world. In order to secure a sustainable energy supply, especially in the transportation sector, governments need to apply policies that promote the use of renewable energy technologies. The dependence on crude oil imports decreases as the production of total energy from ...

The US Department of Agriculture Forest Service’s focus on hazardous fuels reduction has increased since the adoption of the National Fire Plan in 2001. However, appropriations for hazardous fuels reduction still lag behind wildfire suppression spending. Offsetting fuels treatment costs through biomass utilization or by using innovative administrative mechanisms such as stewardship contracting ...