A common method for stopping error propagation in encoded video is to transmit intracoded blocks whenever errors occur, but this results in significantly increased bitrate. Error propagation can also be stopped by synchronizing the state of the encoder to that of the decoder. For example, one may emulate and repeat the entire decoding – including the channel errors – inside the encoder. This ap...

Finite-state encoders that encode n-ary data into a constrained system S are considered. The anticipation, or decoding delay, of such an (S, n)-encoder is the number of symbols that a state-dependent decoder needs to look ahead in order to recover the current input symbol. Upper bounds are obtained on the smallest attainable number of states of any (S, n)-encoder with anticipation t. Those boun...

Among the different modes of operations allowed in the current JPEG standard, the sequential and progressive modes are the most widely used. While the sequential JPEG mode yields essentially the same level of compression performance for most encoder implementations, the performance of progressive JPEG depends highly upon the designed encoder structure. This is due to the flexibility the standar...

Among the many different modes of operations allowed in the current JPEG standard, the sequential and progressive modes are the most widely used. While the sequential JPEG mode yields essentially the same level of compression performance for most encoder implementations, the performance of progressive JPEG depends highly upon the designed encoder structure. This is due to the flexibility the st...

A 2-bit Booth encoder with Josephson Transmission Lines (JTLs) and Passive Transmission Lines (PTLs) is designed. The Booth encoding method is one of the algorithms to obtain partial products. With this method, the number of partial products decreases down to the half compared to the AND array method. The circuit area of the multiplier designed with the Booth encoder method is compared to that ...

syntax tree semantic definition encoder generator encoder written in DSL

This report describes a survey of microbiology laboratories (n = 467) serving Brazilian hospitals with ≥10 intensive care beds and/or involved in the government health care adverse event reporting system. Coordinators were interviewed and laboratories classified as follows: Level 0 (no minimal functioning conditions-85.4% of laboratories); Level 1 (minimal functioning conditions but inadequate ...

A generic M-ary continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme, with a modulation index of h = 1/M, can be modeled by a continuous-phase encoder (CPE) followed by a memoryless modulator (MM), where the CPE is linear over the ring of integers modulo M. By designing a channel encoder (CE), which is a convolutional encoder, to operate over the same ring of integers modulo M, the CE and the CPE can be co...

Electrical drives use frequently incremental encoders as position sensor. The paper deals with modeling and simulation of an incremental encoder and MatlabSimulink simulation structure is realized and tested. In order to process the information provided by the encoder it was built a structure to determine the direction of the rotation in an angular interval equal to a quarter of the angular ste...