credence goods market is one of the markets that the asymmetric information has transformed it to a missing market. those goods and services that the applicant cannot determine the exact amount of their expenses due to the asymmetric information are called credence goods. from the economists' perspective, transaction in a market where participants are ignorant about each other is a game wi...

Spatial cognitive function is crucial for the animal’s survival. However, formation of place codes in different dimensional spaces cannot be uniformly explained. In this paper, a constrained optimization model based on information theory constructed to explain cell activity across species. The question proposed as, using limited amount neural energy, how design field obtain most efficient spati...