Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) is rapidly emerging in Asia, but information on the temporal relationship between the increase in macrolide resistance and changes in strain types is scarce. Between 2011 and 2014, M. pneumoniae infection was diagnosed by PCR as part of routine care in a health care region in Hong Kong. Testing was initiated by clinicians, mainly in patients with...

Two enrichment methods for Listeria monocytogenes using Immuno Magnetic Separation (IMS) were tested to determine if they selected the same subtypes of isolates. Both methods used a non-selective primary enrichment and one included subculture in Fraser Broth, while the other involved direct plating of IMS beads. Sixty-two naturally contaminated watershed samples from the Central California Coas...

BACKGROUND Francisellosis, caused by the bacterium Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis, remains a serious threat to Atlantic cod (Gadhus morhua) farming in Norway and potentially in other countries. As outbreak strains appear clonal in population structure, access to highly discriminatory typing tools is critical for understanding the epidemiology of francisellosis infections in aquacult...

Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Enteritidis is an important cause of food-borne infection in Europe and the United States. Further subtyping of isolates is necessary to support epidemiological data for the detection of outbreaks and identification of the vehicle of infection. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is reportedly more discriminatory and produces data that are e...

A multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA) system for detection of tandem repeats across the whole genome of Chlamydophila psittaci has been developed. Twenty selected genetic loci were initially tested on 9 avian reference strains including representatives of all major serotypes (A to F). Thereafter, 8 loci were retained for a more complete study performed on over 150 C. psittaci isolates from differen...

The genomic content of Enterobacter sakazakii strain ATCC BAA-894 was analyzed for variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs). In this study we report the development of a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) strategy for the subtyping of E. sakazakii. The method is based on a GeneScan analysis of four VNTR loci labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. This approach was applied to a collection of 112...

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), multiplex PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were compared for typing Brucella suis isolates. A perfect concordance was obtained among these molecular assays. However, MLVA was the only method to demonstrate brucellosis outbreaks and to confirm that wildlife is a reservoir for zoonotic brucellosis.

OBJECTIVE To develop a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) assay for Acinetobacter pittii typing. METHODS Polymorphic VNTRs were searched by Tandem Repeats Finder. The distribution and polymorphism of each VNTR locus were analyzed in all the A. pittii genomes deposited in the NCBI genome database by BLAST and were evaluated with a collection of 20 well-characte...

Recently, there has been an increase in The Netherlands in the number of cases of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib). To study a possible change in the Hib population that could explain the rise in incidence, a multiple-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) was developed to genotype H. influenzae isolates. The MLVA enabled the differentiation of H....

This paper describes outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 197 (STm197) linked to eggs from the farm of a single egg producer. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations (genotyping by multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis [MLVA]) identified outbreaks of STm197 with the same or closely-related MLVA profiles in a series of restaurants across Brisbane over 2 mont...