Laboratory measurements of the fine space-time structure of short gravity-capillary waves, as well as Ku-band scattering at grazing and moderate incidence from wind waves in the large Delft Hydraulics Laboratory wind-wave channel are presented. This study was stimulated by the need to verify the processes that significantly contribute to scattering at grazing and moderate incidence. A scanning ...

BACKGROUND Primary photosensitisation (PS) subsequent to ingestion of the pasture legume Biserrula pelecinus L. (biserrula) has recently been confirmed in grazing livestock. Given the potential utility of this pasture species in challenging climates, a grazing trial was undertaken to examine if both varieties 'Casbah' and 'Mauro' were able to cause photosensitisation in livestock, and if this c...

Abstract Background Nitrogen, as a limiting factor for net primary productivity in grassland ecosystems, is an important link material cycles ecosystems. However, the nitrogen assimilation efficiency and mechanisms of plants under grazing disturbance are still unclear. This study investigated Stipa breviflora desert steppe which had been grazed 17 years sampled root system leaf constructive spe...

In grasslands, overgrazing by domestic livestock, fertilization, and introduction of exotic forage species leads to plant communities consisting of a mixture of native and exotic species. These degraded grasslands present a problem for land managers, farmers, and restoration ecologists concerned with improving biodiversity while continuing to use the land for livestock production. Here we asses...

The objectives of this study were to compare visual observation and an electronic grazing time method and to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans on intake, grazing behavior and horizontal and vertical locomotion of young bulls in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine Nellore young bulls with an average body weight of 345±9.3 kg kept in pasture were used. The experimental treatments consisted of...

1. Grazing by large ungulates may affect plant species richness and diversity at multiple spatial and ⁄or temporal scales, because grazing affects small-scale resource heterogeneity and plant interactions at the local scale, while effects at the landscape scale are related to grazing intensity and timing. 2. We used diversity partitioning to analyse longand short-term effects of cattle grazing ...

Moderate grazing by cattle increases the heterogeneity of soil and vegetation. This has been suggested as an ecologically sustainable mean of managing natural environments endangered by tree encroachment, such as heathlands. Our study was performed to test the impact of grazing intensity on soil macroinvertebrate communities in heterogeneous landscapes in a private property eligible to the Natu...