-A PLL is a closed loop system that locks the phase of an output signal to an input reference signal. The term “lock” refers to a constant or zero phase difference between two signals. The components of PLL are the Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), the charge pump (CP), the low pass filter (LPF), and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). In which the charge pump has been modified in order to o...

In this paper, a modified Smith predictor in the presence of input and output disturbances as well as modeling uncertainty is investigated. The modified Smith predictor includes the feedforward Smith predictor and the compensator that approximates the inverse of time-delay. Assuming a multiplicative uncertainty, a robust stability criterion and a compensator design criterion are derived. The mo...

Introduction: Very low, Low and Medium X-ray machines are used extensively for Superficial Radiation Therapy mostly used for Basal Cell, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma skin cancers. In most of cases, Superficial X-ray Therapy (SXRT) is preferred to Electron beams generated using a linear accelerator. SXRT tube characteristics may vary with the use of the machine for a lo...

This paper seeks to evaluate the effects of expansionary monetary policy by the central bank on inflation, output and employment in a limited-participation model for different parameters value of inter-temporal elasticity of substitution and the Frisch (inverse of the labor supply) elasticity. To this end, a modified cash in advance model in line with Lucas (1990), Christiano (1991) and F...

addresses used in the electronic interface are not available , the address buffering and decoding logic (figure 4) must be modified to decode an available memory address. The hardcopy of the date line 599-600 (BASIC program, table 3) will have to be modified to correspond to the syntax of the computer. For graphical output a printer-specific subroutine will have to be written.

the sources of output growth of iranian agriculture over the years 1986-2001 has been examined, using a decomposition method within the input-output (io) framework. the three comparable io tables of 1986, 1991, and 2001 have been employed as the main data sources. output changes from a demand side perspective, and decomposition of the growth of output into components attributable to consumption...