the subject of monetary policy orientation and tailoring a framework within which the credibility and desirability of the policies and the policy makers is enhanced, while the most important goal of policies, i.e reaching to and preserving a low and stable inflation rate is achieved, has recently been a controversial issue for a large number of economists. in fact the necessity arised since the...

Let K/F and K/L be two cyclic Galois field extensions and D = (K/F, σ, c) a cyclic algebra. Given an invertible element d ∈ D, we present three families of unital nonassociative algebras over L ∩ F defined on the direct sum of n copies of D. Two of these families appear either explicitly or implicitly in the designs of fast-decodable space-time block codes in papers by Srinath, Rajan, Markin, O...

Measurements of CDP sample area were made in urgent but brief laboratory studies for RAF's two CDP probes (s/n #58 and #16). These two probes are nominally identical, but the features of these probes have changed over the past year, as follows: (a) electrical damage of #58 during the ICE-T project (July 2011) required rebuild by DMT; (b) December 2011 electronics and firmware upgrades were made...

implementation of monetary policies and adjustments in liquidity are the most important tools of the central bank of iran used in structural reforms in the banking industry. this policy influences the efficiency of the monetary policy through its impact on bank credit channels. in this study we used dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models as one of the most innovative approaches to moneta...

In response to severe fiscal consolidation policies implemented after the Great Recession and euro area sovereign debt crisis, many have questioned effectiveness of consolidations in reducing burden public debt. This paper revisits this fundamental policy debate qualitatively quantitatively, studying conditions under which primary budget balance changes can successfully reduce government debt-t...

In this survey, firstly I describe the fundamentals of interest rates and yield curves. After required background information for the term structure is established, I move on the main subject of this survey: Term Structure of Interest Rates. We can define the term structure of interest rates as calculation of the relation between the yields on default-free securities which only differ in their ...

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