background: the dosimetric parameters required in lung cancer radiation therapy are taken from a homogeneous water phantom; however, during treatment, the expected results are being affected because of its inhomogeneity. therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify these deviations. objective: the present study has been undertaken to find out inter- and intra- lung density variations and its dos...

today according to the competitive conditions, companies try to reduce their inventory level to diminish the costs. in companies inventory management and control should establish a balance between inventory level of spare parts, cost and the risk that arising from absence of part when is needed. it is clear that this level of spare parts inventory affected by facility characteristics and its re...

Introduction: The proton beam produced in particle accelerators has an appropriate therapeutic potential. In this research, proton therapy of breast cancer is simulated using the MCNPX code in a MIRD phantom, also the contribution of scattered neutron dose during the proton therapy were calculated for the Heart, Lung and Liver.   Materials and Methods: For si...

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and implement a Monte Carlo framework for evaluation of patient specific out-of-field organ equivalent dose (OED). Materials and Methods: Dose calculations were performed using a Monte Carlo-based model of Oncor linac and tomographic phantoms. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using EGSnrc user codes. Dose measurements were performed using r...

Monte Carlo simulation is named after the city of Monte Carlo in Monaco, which is famous for gambling such as roulette, dice, and slot machines. Since the simulation process involves generating chance variables and exhibits random behaviors, it has been called Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful statistical analysis tool and widely used in both non-engineering fields an...

the length of equal minimal and maximal blocks has eected on logarithm-scale logarithm against sequential function on variance and bias of de-trended uctuation analysis, by using quasi monte carlo(qmc) simulation and cholesky decompositions, minimal block couple and maximal are founded which are minimum the summation of mean error square in horest power.