In dogs with myocardial infarction, produced by a standard technic, rapid persistent ectopic ventricular tachycardia develops. Intravenous quinidine lactate and quinidine gluconate effectively control the arrhythmia in 56 to 60 per cent of the animals, but produce toxic reactions in many of them. Morphine sulfate prevents vomiting and diarrhea from quinidine, but does not prevent convulsive mov...

BACKGROUND Addicted patients present difficulties for pain management because they have another problem besides their pain. Adding adjuvants to opioid pumps to intensify quality, control other problems, lengthen analgesia, and reduce side effects has been considered in the field. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of adding clonidine, promethazine, ch...

introduction: it has been shown that orexin peptides have a role in opioid withdrawal behaviors. orexin-expressing neurons that are present in the hypothalamic nuclei send dense projections to the locus coeruleus (lc). withdrawal syndrome is temporally associated with hyperactivity of lc neurons. however, lc neurons do not show withdrawalinduced hyperactivity in the brain slices from morphine-d...

The present study is a designed protocol for investigation of the analgesic effect of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alcoholic Datura stramonium (DS) seed extract as a rich source of alkaloid substances. Male NMRI rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment rats received different doses of the DS seed extract, which was prepared from alcoholic smashed s...

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in all societies including Iran. One of its important complications is the neuropathic pain, which can be relieved by opioid drugs such as morphine. Opioid therapy is restricted due to development of tolerance and physical or mental dependence. In this study, the effect of diabetes on morphine analgesia and development of morphine tolerance and depend...

AIM This research was carried out to compare magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) with isotonic saline in terms of pain control after herniorrhaphy. PATIENTS & METHODS A randomized double-blind study, in which the patients were blind to all. A total of 100 patients who were candidates of herniorrhaphy were randomized into two groups: experimental and control (50 patients in each). Anesthesia was induced...

there are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. in the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using passive avoidance shuttle box and morris water maze tasks were investigated, respectively. male rats received morphi...

Ninety-two mice were divided into 2 groups and 2.5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine sulfate was given to one group, and 10 mg/kg of morphine hydrochloride to the other, at daily intervals. These two groups were then further divided into flicking light-presented and non-presented groups. The acute effects of the drugs on the ambulatory activity of each mouse were observed for 180 min after the drug admini...

BACKGROUND Morphine sulfate has long been used for analgesia, but clinical applications can be limited by side effects, tolerance, and potential for addiction at therapeutic doses. An agent that produces therapeutic analgesia when coadministered with low-dose morphine could have important clinical uses. The anticonvulsant agent gabapentin has been identified as having antihyperalgesic propertie...

Background: Exercise deprivation has been concluded to have some negative effects on psychological well-being. This study was conducted to find out whether exercise deprivation may lead to morphine dependence in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 162 ± 9 g were housed in clear plastic cages in groups of two under standard laboratory conditions. The study had two phases. In phase I, ...