every year, millions of moslems depart to saudi arabia from more than one hundred countries around the world for paying to hajj precept. high percentages of these pilgrims suffer from an influenza-like illness (ili). this study was designed and conducted on 32370 iranian pilgrims (36% of total number of iranian pilgrims) to evaluate the incidence of the illness and determination of influenza va...

according to the philosophical principles of higher wisdom (motealiyeh), especially the theory of substantial movement (hareka fil-jawhar) and psychology, it look impossible for human being to return to worldly life after his/her death. so refutation of the theory of reincarnation in the sadra’s system will not be very hard, especially when considering the rule of impossibility of return (emten...

Islamic building codes require mosques to face Mecca. The further Islam spreads, the more apt are believers to fall into a quandary. X faces Y only when the front of X is closer to Y than any other side of X. So the front of the mosque should be oriented along a shortest path to Mecca. Which way is that? Does the path to Mecca tunnel through the earth? Or does the path follow the surface of the...

Knowledge about mental illness has been existing in India since the time of initial civilization. In the era of Indus valley civilization these illnesses were thought to be the result of supernatural influences. Around 3000 B. C. when Ayurveda developed elaborate description and classification and treatment of these conditions, the trends generated a humanistic point of view about such conditio...

BACKGROUND Adult Moslems are required to fast during the lunar month of Ramadan every year. Although the sick and travelers, as well as some other specified groups, are exempted from this requirement. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of repeated Ramadan fasting during the hottest months of the year on renal graft functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study compar...

To discuss the global efforts needed to detect and control emerging infections, I will begin with a personal experience. In 1987, a large epidemic of meningococcal meningitis occurred during the haj, the annual pilgrimage of Moslems to Mecca. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sent a team of epidemiologists and laboratorians to Kennedy Airport to meet the thousands of pilgrims...

Because of the large families we have and the The development of renal transplantation in Saudi importance of supporting kinship that Islam directs Arabia there have been many willing donors. However, it is of interest that the majority of donations come from Background siblings or offspring and relatively small numbers of The first renal transplant operation to be carried out donors are parent...

introduction: the human being is part of its surrounding socio-economic framework. he is affected by the environment and actively affects it. ignoring the socio-economic dimensions of health leads to the failure of health promotion programs and widens the inequity in the health status of different groups in the society. the aim of this study is to identify the socio-economic and demographic sta...