Knock twice before invading eisseria meningitidis , also known as meningococcus, is a pathogen with a nasty habit of forcing normally nonphagocytic endothelial cells to engulf it, allowing the bacterium to penetrate cellular barriers. Hoffmann et al. now demonstrate on page 133 that N. meningitidis activates two distinct signaling pathways in host cells to cause actin cytoskeleton reorganizatio...

INTRODUCTION The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), passed in 1990, required that a specialized transit service be provided to serve disabled people within 3/4 of a mile of existing standard bus routes and light rail stations. Having such services available, elderly and disabled people have a unique mode choice decision that is not available for typical travelers: the choice between public ...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate outcomes of older people's use of powered wheelchairs and risk factors for negative outcomes. DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional interview-study including 111 powered wheelchair users over 65 years of age. RESULTS All participants used their powered wheelchair in the summer; nearly all users regarded it as important and found that it ...

Background: Socioeconomic disparities in active transport have been documented in household travel surveys. However, active transport in these studies was operationalized with self-reported measures, which poorly approximate physical activity. Unfortunately, objective accelerometer data are very expensive to obtain in large-scale travel studies. Purpose: To benefit from a large sample and objec...

OBJECTIVE Dependence on motorized forms of transportation may contribute to the worldwide obesity epidemic. Shifts in transportation patterns occurring in China provide an ideal opportunity to study the association between vehicle ownership and obesity. Our objective was to determine whether motorized forms of transportation promote obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A multistage random...

This study examined the usage of powered seating functions, including tilt-in-space, backrest recline, and seat elevation, among a group of wheelchair users during their typical daily activities. Twelve individuals who used a power wheelchair with seating functions participated in the study. They drove their own wheelchair and used the seating functions as needed in their community environment ...

Many studies have found that both the chosen travel mode and duration a strong effect on satisfaction. However, are often related with each other, as active trips shorter durations than motorized modes. As result, of choice satisfaction may be attenuated by duration. Results from this study, using sample 1,430 respondents Ghent (Belgium), indicate commute strongly other (with having public tran...

BACKGROUND Active transport to school is associated with higher levels of physical activity in children. Promotion of active transport has therefore gained attention as a potential target to increase children's physical activity levels. Recent studies have recognized that the distance between home and school is an important predictor for active travel among children. These studies did not yet u...

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on gendered differences in travel behavior developing countries by analyzing variability within as well across gender and income groups case Casablanca city. Methods: Data from 2018 Travel Survey show that overall, women are less mobile than men, make fewer work-related trips more household maintenance trips, but these heterogeneous...