BACKGROUND Because the clearance of contrast from the left atrium (LA) relative to the left ventricle (LV) depends on the degree of mitral regurgitation (MR), we hypothesized that a mathematical model can be developed that would provide a quantitative estimation of MR from the washout of contrast from these chambers. METHODS AND RESULTS After mathematically developing the model, we performed ...

Many crystallographic protein structures are being determined using molecular replacement (MR), a model-based phasing method that has become increasingly important with the steady growth of the PDB. While there are several highly automated software packages for MR, the methods for preparing optimal search models for MR are relatively unexplored. Recent advances in sequence-comparison methods al...

Molecular replacement (MR) is the method of choice for X-ray crystallographic data phasing when structural data of suitable homologues are available. However, MR may fail even in cases of high sequence homology when conformational changes arising for example from ligand binding or different crystallogenic conditions come into play. In this work, the potential of normal-mode analysis as an exten...

Background: Azo dyes are the most widely used synthetic colorants in the textile, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, accounting for nearly 70% of all dyestuffs consumed. Recently, much research attention has been paid to efficient monitoring of these hazardous chemicals and their related metabolites because of their potentially harmful effect on environmental issues. In contr...

This work presents a novel design model of magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based shock absorber (MR in short) that can be applied to an aircraft landing gear system. When external force acts on MR absorber, pressure loss occurs at the flow path while resisting fluid flow. During motion, two losses occur: major loss, which is proportional rate, and minor square rate. In general, when designed for ...

The primary technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is X-ray crystallography, from which the molecular replacement (MR) problem often arises as a critical step. The MR problem is a global optimization problem to locate an optimal position of a model protein so that at this position the model will produce calculated intensities closest to those observed fr...