Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) functions as a protective gas transmitter in various physiological and pathological processes, but the lack of ideal donors severely hampers the clinical application of H2S. This study aims to construct a controlled release H2S donor and evaluate its protective effect on graft endothelium. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized using the sol-gel method an...

The prevailing view is that striatal parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons primarily function to downregulate medium spiny projection neuron (MSN) activity via monosynaptic inhibitory signaling. Here, by combining in vivo neural recordings and optogenetics, we unexpectedly find that both suppressing and over-activating PV cells attenuates spontaneous MSN activity. To account for this, we find ...

Mesh-based terrain representations provide accurate descriptions of a terrain, but fail in capturing its morphological structure. The morphology of a terrain is defined by its critical points and by the critical lines joining them, which form a so-called surface network. Because of the large size of current terrain data sets, a multi-resolution representation of the terrain morphology is crucia...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the conversion of opioid-experienced patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain to extended-release morphine sulfate with sequestered naltrexone hydrochloride (MSN) using a standardized conversion guide. METHODS This open-label, single-arm study was conducted in 157 primary care centers in the United States. A total of 684 opioid-experienced adults with chronic modera...

The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) constitutes the major subdivision of the ventral striatum and it plays an important role in the reward circuit. It is also considered as the major site of action for many drugs of abuse. The principal neuronal cell type in the NAcc is the Medium Spiny Neuron (MSN), which is its primary output cell. MSNs perform a central role in sensorimotor processing by integratin...

The Manhattan Street Network (MSN) with the Clockwork Routing scheme has been proposed as a particularly suitable candidate for use in optical networks. However, without any medium access control (MAC), the success of the MSN with Clockwork Routing in optical networks would be inhibited by the destination-release protocol, since the protocol provides no guarantee of fair access or bounded traff...

Optical packet switching over arbitrary physical topologies typically mandates complex routing schemes and the use of buffers to resolve the likely contentions. However, the relatively immature nature of optical logic devices and the limitations with optical buffering provide significant incentive to reduce the routing complexity and avoid optical domain contentions. This paper examines how the...

Stationary-to-migratory transitions of epithelial cells have a key role in development and tumour progression. Border cell migration is a powerful system in which to investigate this transition in living organisms. Here, we identify the Ste20-like kinase misshapen (msn) as a novel regulator of border-cell migration in Drosophila. Expression of msn in border cells is independent of the transcrip...