PURPOSE It is known that blockage of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity enhances radiation sensitivity of human tumor cells presenting a K-RAS mutation. In the present study, we investigated whether impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) is responsible for the radiosensitizing effect of EGFR and PI3K inhibition in K-RAS mutated (K-RA...

Noninvasive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important for patients. Significant differences in the methylation mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were found AD brain tissue. Cell-free (cfDNA) a noninvasive and economical diagnostic tool. We aimed to characterize mtDNA alterations plasma cfDNA 31 patients 26 age- sex-matched cognitively normal control subjects. that patterns differed between The...

AIMS Heme oxygenase (HO) and metallothionein (MT) genes are rapidly upregulated in the liver by pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or endotoxin as protection against cellular stress and inflammation. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃)-induced Kupffer cell blockade has beneficial consequences in endotoxemia following bile duct ligation. Herein we further characterized the effects of Kupffer cell inhibition...

A homology search of wheat chloroplast (ct) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes identified 54 ctDNA segments that have homology with 66 mtDNA segments. The mtDNA segments were classified according to their origin: orthologs (prokaryotic origin), xenologs (interorganellar DNA transfer origin) and paralogs (intraorganellar DNA amplification origin). The 66 mtDNA sequences with homology to ctDNA segmen...

TET2 enzymatically converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine as well as other covalently modified cytosines and its mutations are common in myeloid leukemia. However, the exact mechanism and the extent to which TET2 mutations affect DNA methylation remain in question. Here, we report on DNA methylomes in TET2 wild-type (TET2-WT) and mutant (TET2-MT) cases of chronic myelomonocytic le...

Hippocampal CA1 neurons are the most vulnerable to transient cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism has not been fully understood. The level of mRNA for cytochrome C oxidase (COX) subunit I (COX-I), which is encoded by mitochondrial (mt) DNA, progressively decreased in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of gerbils from 3 h of reperfusion after 3.5 min of transient forebrain ischemia and completely ...

Configurational changes of mitochondria and mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids) during meiosis and sporulation in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were examined using the mitochondrial membrane-binding fluorescent dye, dimethyl aminostyrylmethylpyridiniumiodine (DASPMI) and the DNA-binding fluorescent dye, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In zygotes just after mating, mt-nucleoids w...

To evaluate the effects of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) on pigs and the benefits of two mycotoxin mitigation strategies, gilts (n = 84, 9.1 ± 0.1 kg) were allotted to four treatments: CON (control); MT (4.8 mg/kg feed DON and 0.3 mg/kg feed ZEA); MT-YC (MT + 2 g/kg of yeast cell wall product); and MT-YF (MT + 2 g/kg of yeast fermentation product). After 42 days of f...

PURPOSE To estimate the population frequencies of all common mitochondrial variants and ancestral haplogroups among 1,999 subjects recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study, including 1,217 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and 782 controls, and to identify ancestral subpopulations and mitochondrial mutations as potential risk factors for POAG...

The pharmacokinetics of a 20-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was investigated in nude mice bearing a s.c. human lung carcinoma. The oligodeoxynucleotide, referred to as DNA-methyltransferase antisense (MT-AS) was designed to bind to the mRNA that coded for DNA-methyltransferase, an enzyme that controls the extent of methylation of 5'-cytosine. MT-AS was administered at four ...