Measuring the quality of multicast multi-layered applications based only on the amount of data that arrives at the receivers is insufficient in many circumstances. This paper proposes a three-metric approach that improves the global quality/fairness of the multicast sessions. We define a simple function that takes into account the density of satisfied users, the amount of allocated bandwidth in...

In this paper, we describe a method to enhance the fluorescence signal of mutagen detection using SOS response-induced green fluorescence protein (GFP) in genetically modified Escherichia coli using a multi-layered substrate. To generate E. coli that express SOS response-induced GFP, we constructed a plasmid carrying the RecA promoter located upstream of the GFP gene and used it to transform E...

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon coatings improve mechanical performance characteristics on a variety of substrates, resulting in widespread industry applications requiring combination high hardness, low coefficient friction, wear resistance, elasticity, and adhesion. However, such properties is difficult to achieve. We investigated the structure, scratch behavior single-layered multilayered thin ...

Pathogenic bacteria use interconnected multi-layered regulatory networks, such as quorum sensing (QS) networks to sense and respond to environmental cues and external and internal bacterial cell signals, and thereby adapt to and exploit target hosts. Despite the many advances that have been made in understanding QS regulation, little is known regarding how these inputs are integrated and proces...

Based on an effective energy conversion method between gas enthalpy and thermal radiation, a multi-layered type of porous air heater has been proposed. In the five layered structure which is analyzed in this work, there are five porous layers which are separated by four quartz glass windows. The main layer operates as a porous radiant burner that products a large amount of thermal radiative ene...

The well-known doctoral work of Shields is a tale that is frequently recounted by many authors and has spawned a large, continuing body of research over the last 60 years. Despite the success of Shields’ work, the details of his experimental methods and results as reported by others are quite variable. Inconsistencies and misconceptions regarding Shields’ work are identified and examined here. ...

We consider the construction of minimal multi-layered perceptrons for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Though general in nature, the construction method is presented as a case study for the sorting problem. The presentation starts with an 0((n!)2) three-layered perceptron based on complete enumeration, that solves the sorting problem of n numbers. This network is then gradually redu...

conclusions comprehensive protection programs with on-the-job training courses for staff members are strongly recommended, as well as, the provision of radiological shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments to reduce the patient’s radiation dose during radiological examinations. materials and methods a retrospective, observational cross-sectional study on the application of...

Cell sheet engineering is attracting attention from investigators in various fields, from basic research scientists to clinicians focused on regenerative medicine. However, hepatocytes have a limited proliferation potential in vitro, and it generally takes a several days to form a sheet morphology and multi-layered sheets. We herein report our rapid and efficient technique for generating multi-...

Developing repair strategies for osteochondral tissue presents complex challenges due to its interfacial nature and complex zonal structure, consisting of subchondral bone, intermediate calcified cartilage and the superficial cartilage regions. In this study, the long term ability of a multi-layered biomimetic collagen-based scaffold to repair osteochondral defects is investigated in a large an...