A parallel distributed processing model of visual word recognition and pronunciation is described. The model consists of sets of orthographic and phonological units and an interlevel of hidden units. Weights on connections between units were modified during a training phase using the back-propagation learning algorithm. The model simulates many aspects of human performance, including (a) differ...

For both human and automatic speech recognizers it is difficult to segment continuous speech into discrete units such as words. Word segmentation is so hard because there seem to be no self-evident cues for word boundaries in the speech stream. However, it has been suggested that English listeners can profit from the occurrence of full vowels (i.e. vowels with metrical stress) in the speech str...

Does the organization of the mental lexicon reflect the combination of abstract underlying morphemic units or the concatenation of word-level phonological units? We address these fundamental issues in Arabic, a Semitic language where every surface form is potentially analyzable into abstract morphemic units - the word pattern and the root - and where this view contrasts with stem-based approach...

A masked priming paradigm was used to examine the role of the root and verbal-pattern morphemes in lexical access within the verbal system of Hebrew. Previous research within the nominal system had showed facilitatory effects from masked primes that shared the same root as the target word, but not when the primes shared the word pattern (R. Frost, K. I. Forster, & A. Deutsch, 1997). In contrast...

There is a profusion of labels used for the phenomenon of multiword units (MU’s), yet they are notoriously underrepresented in handbooks of both grammatical and dictionary type alike. After an illustration of both, problems of criteria which delimit MU’s are raised up, together with an number of open issues and necessity of a functional approach is stressed. As three major issues, stableness, t...

Current models of word recognition differ on the potential influence of lexical knowledge on sublexical processes. The present study addresses this issue through a paradigm based on the perceptual ‘‘migration’’ of linguistic units between two stimuli presented simultaneously, resulting in an illusory percept. For example, ‘‘kinrtrorverrsy’’ and ‘‘bosrglorrarfe’’ were played at the same time, wi...

We present the JAKOB lexicon, a semantically rich German lexical resource, and its migration to the OLIF format (Open Lexicon Interchange Format). This lexicon is part of a web-based text and narrative analysis application. The JAKOB narrative analysis is a qualitative research tool to systematically analyze patient’s narratives. It conceptualizes narratives as dramaturgically-constructed lingu...

The present paper aims at the analysis of lexical innovations in sphere journalism. For achieving them a set procedures were fulfilled to show peculiarities journalism and number methods used. descriptive method helped analyze selected words word combinations, component proved valuable regard semantic structure or vocabulary. Word building classification was helpful defining predominant kind fo...

Theories of language production are monolingual but the world is multilingual. In the domain of word-form encoding, it is clear that languages rely differentially on different phonological units, challenging the generality of the monolingual theories. To address this, we propose the proximate units principle, which holds that the initial selection of sub-lexical phonological units (syllables, m...

In order to make a CALL system to detect lexical pitch accent errors, we are developing a multi-level pitch pattern recognition algorithm. With this method, it is possible to detect a wider range of pitch accent errors than with previous methods and it is possible to have more flexibility in displaying the pitch pattern to the learner. This rule-based method is based on perceptual experiments i...