Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Retland E, et al. Differential effects of Th1...

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical findings, absence of specific laboratory markers and good response to treatment. Typically CIDP manifests as weakness varying severity, from minimal paresis plegia, well symmetrical loss sensitivity in all limbs, a distinctive feature CDL the involvement both proximal distal p...

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of patients presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies, ataxia, and altered mentation is broad and includes immunologic, infectious, vasculitic and metabolic conditions. Primary considerations are Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE), the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Wernicke’s encephalopathy and botulism. The initial workup may be unrevealing....

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with acute vocal fold paralysis treated with bovine collagen via percutaneous injection laryngoplasty under simple topical anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS The charts of 38 consecutive patients with acute unilateral vocal fold paralysis who underwent percutaneous injection laryngoplasty under simpl...

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can involve several organ system. Neurological manifestations are not common and mostly include cranial neuropathies. However, auricular disorders are rare and exceptionally inaugural. We describe the case of a 46-year-old lady presented with hearing loss as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis, and aim to raise awareness of th...

Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder that results from thiamine deficiency. It is associated with a classic triad of symptoms consisting of ataxia, ocular motor cranial neuropathies, and changes in consciousness. We report 3 cases of Wernicke encephalopathy in which MR imaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging, was performed at the onset and during follow-up. MR imaging findings...

Ocular motor defi cits are common clinical manifestations of neurological emergencies, with third (oculomotor) and sixth (abducens) paresis among the most frequent. This chapter focuses on recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of these cranial neuropathies in true neurological emergencies that carry a high risk of major morbidity or mortality if left undiagnosed. Emergencies discussed include a...

Human brucellosis is a multisystem disease that commonly presents as a febrile illness along with variable spectrum of clinical manifestations. Neurological complications include encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, radiculitis, myelitis, peripheral and cranial neuropathies, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and psychiatric manifestations. We report a case diagnosed as neurobrucellosis who presented with ...