Real-time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a communication system. Although high performance bipolar junction transistor multipliers have been avai...

In this paper, a new MBE (modified Booth encoding) recoder, and a new MBE decoder are proposed in CMOS transistor level to improve the performance of traditional multipliers. The proposed pipelined Booth multiplier can reduce the delay time of the critical path by levelizing the complex gate in the MBE decoder. As a result, MBE decoder is no more the speed bottleneck of a pipelined booth multip...

Digital signal processor, image signal processor and FIR filters have multipliers as an important part of their design. On the basis of Vedic mathematics, Vedic multipliers have come out to be very fast multipliers. One of the image processing applications is edge detection. This research presents a small area and high speed 8 bit Vedic multiplier system comprising of compressor based adders. T...

We introduce a new implementation of a three-input multiplier. This multiplier is capable of accepting three binary inputs, and producing the product, a*b*c. Although this implementation requires more space, it reduces the number of clock cycles required to multiply three numbers. In this paper, we present the front end 4-bit partial product array that can be incorporated into a typical multipl...

In this paper, we consider various extension problems associated with elements in the the closure with respect to either the multiplier norm or the completely bounded multiplier norm of the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group. In particular, we show that it is not always possible to extend an element in the closure with respect to the multiplier norm of the Fourier algebra of the free gr...

In this paper, we show that for a large class of optimization problems, the Lagrange multiplier rule can be derived from the so-called approximate multiplier rule. In establishing the link between the approximate and the exact multiplier rule we first derive an approximate multiplier rule for a very general class of optimization problems using the approximate sum rule and the chain rule. We als...

In digital image processing applications the quality of image depend on the Multipliers. Existing multipliers introduce errors in the output which will require more time, hence error free high speed multipliers has to be designed to overcome this problem. This paper presents a FPGA based iterative Mitchell Algorithm based multiplier for image filters by introducing error correction term in Kara...

We propose a pipelined parallel multiplier in phase-mode logic. The multiplier can be composed of combinations of gates which are the basic devices ofthe phasemode logic. Experimental operations of the ICF gate and the Adder cell for the multiplier are reported. The proposed multiplier has a Wallace-tree structure comprising trees of carry save adders for the addition of partial products. This ...

Multiplier is one of the major arithmetic operations carried out in DSP applications. This paper presents a modified Booth multiplier based on adiabatic logic. It is composed of Booth encoder, multiplier containing partial product generators and 1-bit (half and full) adders and final adder. Booth multiplication allows for smaller, faster multiplication circuits through encoding the signed numbe...

This study examines the multiplier effects of the grain subsidy program in China, which is a large food self-sufficiency project that is implemented as a cash transfer program. Income multiplier effects have not been examined in the evaluation of the grain subsidy program although increasing the income of farmers is the original goal of this project. A large number of household-level observatio...