BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe topographic variations in the arrangement of the four main brachial plexus nerves at the junction of the axilla and the upper part of the arm. METHODS In 153 patients undergoing upper arm surgery using axillary block, we studied nerve arrangements with a three-step approach, combining: (A) cross-sectional ultrasound imaging using a 12 MHz linea...

A schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed exclusively of Schwann cells. A major-nerve schwannoma with an intramuscular location is an extremely rare condition. We present a rare case of intramuscular schwannoma originating from the musculocutaneous nerve in a 71-year-old female. The patient presented with a 7-month history of a slowly growing, painless mass in the medial a...

OBJECT Loss of biceps muscle function is a significant disability after brachial plexus root avulsion injuries. Nerve grafting techniques to reestablish anatomical and functional continuity between the spinal cord and the avulsed root have not proven successful. Using nerve transfers for functional restoration of root avulsion injuries appears to be effective and has physiological advantages fo...

The expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in a denervated muscle has previously been studied. However, the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in the recipient and donor muscles after muscle transfer for reconstruction of joint function has not been sufficiently investigated. Forty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: normal, 1 w post-, 2 w post-, and 4 w post-musculocutaneous nerve tran...

BACKGROUND The criteria and timing for nerve surgery in infants with obstetric brachial plexopathy remain controversial. Our aim was to develop a new method for early prognostic assessment to assist this decision process. METHODS Fifty-four patients with unilateral obstetric brachial plexopathy who were ten to sixty days old underwent bilateral motor-nerve-conduction studies of the axillary, ...