Similarities are an extension of equivalence relations to a fuzzy context. In this paper we introduce the class of similarity MV-algebras obtained as a generalization of the variety of MValgebras by adding a binary operator playing the role of similarity. We further introduce the similarity Łukasiewicz logic and we prove a completeness theorem.

An MV-pair is a pair (B, G) where B is a Boolean algebra and G is a subgroup of the automorphism group of B satisfying certain conditions. Let ∼G be the equivalence relation on B naturally associated with G. We prove that for every MV-pair (B, G), the effect algebra B/ ∼G is an MV-effect algebra. Moreover, for every MV-effect algebra M there is an MV-pair (B, G) such that M is isomorphic to B/ ∼G.

In this paper, we propose extensions of affine classical linear algebra(ACL-algebra) and many-valued algebra(MV-algebra), the emphasis is being on the latter. MV-algebras are algebraic models of à Lukasiewicz א0-valued logic(à Lא0) and that was established long back in 1958 by C.C. Chang. MV-algebra is recently studied from the angle of fuzzy set theory. Also it is investigated in connection wi...

$r$-module. in this paper, we explore more properties of $max$-injective modules and we study some conditions under which the maximal spectrum of $m$ is a $max$-spectral space for its zariski topology.

let $r$ be a ring and $m$ a right $r$-module with $s=end_r(m)$. a module $m$ is called semi-projective if for any epimorphism $f:mrightarrow n$, where $n$ is a submodule of $m$, and for any homomorphism $g: mrightarrow n$, there exists $h:mrightarrow m$ such that $fh=g$. in this paper, we study sgq-projective and$pi$-semi-projective modules as two generalizations of semi-projective modules. a m...

let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity and $m$ be a unitary$r$-module. the primary-like spectrum $spec_l(m)$ is thecollection of all primary-like submodules $q$ such that $m/q$ is aprimeful $r$-module. here, $m$ is defined to be rsp if $rad(q)$ isa prime submodule for all $qin spec_l(m)$. this class containsthe family of multiplication modules properly. the purpose of thispaper is to intro...