Let $M$ be a module over a commutative ring $R$ and let $N$ be a proper submodule of $M$. The total graph of $M$ over $R$ with respect to $N$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{N}(M))$, have been introduced and studied in [2]. In this paper, A generalization of the total graph $T(Gamma_{N}(M))$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{N,I}(M))$ is presented, where $I$ is an ideal of $R$. It is the graph with all elements of $...

let $l$ be a lattice in $zz^n$ of dimension $m$. we prove that there exist integer constants $d$ and $m$ which are basis-independent such that the total degree of any graver element of $l$ is not greater than $m(n-m+1)md$. the case $m=1$ occurs precisely when $l$ is saturated, and in this case the bound is a reformulation of a well-known bound given by several authors. as a corollary, we show t...

abstract. let (r,p) be a noetherian unique factorization do-main (ufd) and m be a finitely generated r-module. let i(m)be the first nonzero fitting ideal of m and the order of m, denotedord_r(m), be the largest integer n such that i(m) ⊆ p^n. in thispaper, we show that if m is a module of order one, then either mis isomorphic with direct sum of a free module and a cyclic moduleor m is isomorphi...

To address concerns regarding the representativeness of controls in case-control studies, two selection strategies were evaluated in a study of childhood leukemia, which commenced in California in 1995. The authors selected two controls per case: one from among children identified by using computerized birth records and located successfully, the other from a roster of friends; both were matched...