Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion, yet its sources and sinks remain poorly quantified in the oceans. We used isotope tracers to directly measure N2O reduction rates in the eastern tropical North Pacific. Because of incomplete denitrification, N2O cycling rates are an order of magnitude higher than predicted by current models in s...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas produced during microbial transformation of soil N that has been implicated in global climate warming. Nitrous oxide efflux from N fertilized soils has been modeled using NO3 K content with a limited success, but predicting N2O production in non-fertilized soils has proven to be much more complex. The present study investigates the contribution of soil am...

Manure application is effective in promoting soil carbon sequestration, but its impact on N2O emission is not well understood. A field experiment was conducted in a maize-cultivated black soil in Northeast China with six treatments: inorganic fertilizer (NPK), 75% inorganic fertilizer N plus 25% pig (PM1) or chicken (CM1) manure N, 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% pig (PM2) or chicken (CM2) ...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a commonly used labor analgesic in many Western countries, but is used infrequently in the United States. The University of California at San Francisco has been offering N2O for labor analgesia for more than 30 years. Vanderbilt University Medical Center recently began offering N2O as an option for pain relief in laboring women. Many women report that N2O provides effecti...

Quantifying nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, a potent greenhouse gas, from soils is necessary to improve our knowledge of terrestrial N2O losses. Developing universal sampling frequencies for calculating annual N2O fluxes is difficult, as fluxes are renowned for their high temporal variability. We demonstrate daily sampling was largely required to achieve annual N2O fluxes within 10% of the 'best' e...

We combine field observations, microcosm, stoichiometry, and molecular and stable isotope techniques to quantify N2O generation processes in an intensively managed low carbon calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. All the evidence points to ammonia oxidation and linked nitrifier denitrification (ND) being the major processes generating N2O. When NH4(+)-based fertilizers are applied the soil will produce ...

The 351 nm photoelectron spectra of OH~N2O!n , n51 – 5, are reported. Each spectrum is composed of a single broad feature that shifts toward higher electron binding energy as the number of solvent molecules increases. Analysis of OH~N2O! spectra at ion temperatures of 200 and 300 K shows that there is significant intensity in the 00 0 transition, and that transitions to the dissociative region ...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the largest known remaining anthropogenic threat to the stratospheric ozone layer. However, it is currently only regulated under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol because of its simultaneous ability to warm the climate. The threat N2O poses to the stratospheric ozone layer, coupled with the uncertain future of the international climate regime, motivates our exploration of issues th...

Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly referred to as laughing gas, is a colourless, non-flammable, inorganic volatile with psychedelic effects. It has assorted uses among diverse fields: in medicine and dentistry, N2O provides a source of dissociative anaesthesia and analgesia; in the food and automobile industries, N2O serves as a propellant in whipped cream canisters and as an engine booster, respect...

IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of [(N2O)nH2O] with n = 2–7 are measured in the 1100–3800 cm region. In parallel, the geometry optimization and the vibrational analysis are carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. In the OH stretching (2400–3800 cm) region, the IRPD spectrum of the [(N2O)2H2O] ion shows a sharp band at 3452 cm and a broad one at around 2700 cm, which are assi...