BACKGROUND Both opioid antagonist administration and cigarette smoking acutely increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity as measured by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels. However, male and female smokers may differ in their response to the opioid antagonist naltrexone, which may be partially mediated by sex differences in HPA axis function. Smokers, as a g...

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved naltrexone, a synthetic competitive antagonist at opioid receptors, in oral form in 1984 for use in the management of opioid abuse and addiction. Because naltrexone and its major metabolite, 6-β-naltrexone, are both competitive antagonists at opioid receptors - and thereby inhibit opioid agonist-induced effects including those desire...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics can be abused by crushing followed by solubilization and intravenous injection to attain rapid absorption. Morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended release capsules (EMBEDA, MS-sNT), indicated for management of chronic, moderate to severe pain, contain pellets of morphine sulfate with a sequestered naltrexone core. Should product tampering by crushing ...

The number of 88 rats was chosen, after 21 days, they were ablactated and categorized them as following groups:
 control group 1 has a cage 8 in social condition. After 6 weeks saline injection (1mg / kg), the yawning behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 2 conditions receiving ethanol months, each serving 600 mg kg. 3 isolation without treatment with agonist antagonist, Opioid alcoho...

Hepatic fibrosis is one of the common pathological features of chronic liver disease. Atorvastatin and naltrexone previously showed a beneficial effect on hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we compared the effect of atorvastatin and naltrexone on a rat model of hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL. Methods: This study was carried out on 4 groups each of 10 albino rats; Group 1: Sham operated gr...

Many trials of naltrexone have been carried out in alcohol-dependent patients. This paper is aimed to systematically review its benefits, adverse effects, and discontinuation of treatment. We assessed and extracted the data of double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing naltrexone with placebo or other treatment in people with alcoholism. Two primary outcomes were subjects who r...

AIM To compare the efficacy of topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. DESIGN The investigation was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week study carried out at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. SAMPLE A total of 155 patients, 18-60 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis of alcohol dependence. METHODS After a 1-w...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major health, social and economic problem for which there are few effective treatments. The opiate antagonist naltrexone is currently prescribed clinically with mixed success. We have used naltrexone in an established behavioral assay (CAFE) in Drosophila melanogaster that measures the flies' preference for ethanol-containing food. We have confirmed that Drosophi...

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the mortality associated with oral naltrexone, methadone and buprenorphine in opioid dependence treatment, employing a retrospective data analysis using coronial and prescription data. DESIGN AND METHODS The number of deaths were identified through national coronial data and number of treatment recipients were estimated from 2000 to 2...

AIMS The opioid antagonist naltrexone may reduce ethanol reward, but the underlying neurochemical mechanisms has yet to be clarified. The afferent projections to the nucleus accumbens from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) provide a potential substrate by which endogenous opioids may modulate the dopaminergic rewarding effects of ethanol. We assessed mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a m...