Nanotechnology is one of the pillars of human life in the future. This technology is growing fast and many scientists work in this field. The behavior of materials in nano size varies with that in macro dimension. Therefore scientists have presented various theories for examining the behavior of materials in nano-scale. Accordingly, mechanical behavior of nano-plates, nanotubes nano-beams and n...

Elliptical vibration cutting technology is well-known for its excellent performance in ultraprecision machining of steel materials with single crystal diamond tools. This paper presents two approaches to attain high-performance microand macro-scale sculpturing for steel materials by utilizing elliptical vibration cutting. In order to attain free-form sculpturing in macro-scale, a 4-axis control...

Coherent twin boundaries (CTBs) in nano-twinned materials could improve crack resistance. However, the role of the CTBs during crack penetration has never been explored at atomic scale. Our in situ observation on nano-twinned Ag under a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) reveals the dynamic processes of a crack penetration across the CTBs, which involve alternated crack ti...

Research in recent years has greatly advanced the understanding and capabilities of multi-beam interference (MBI). With this technology it is now possible to generate a wide range of one-, two-, and three-dimensional periodic optical-intensity distributions at the microand nano-scale over a large length/area/volume. These patterns may be used directly or recorded in photo-sensitive materials us...

With the rapidly increasing demands for ultrasensitive biodetection, the design and applications of new nano-scale materials for development of sensors based on optical and electrochemical transducers have attracted substantial interest. In particular, given the comparable sizes of nanomaterials and biomolecules, there exist plenty of opportunities to develop functional nanoprobes with biomolec...

Nanotechnology is an emerging and rapidly growing field with its application in science and technology for the purpose of manufacturing new materials at the nano scale level (Albrecht et al., 2006). Nanotechnology is a field that is burgeoning day by day making an impact in all spheres of human life (Vaidyanathan et al., 2009). The word Nano is used to indicate one billionth of a meter or 10-9....

rapid thermal processing (rtp) has become a key technology for semiconductor device manufacturing in a variety of applications, such as thermal oxidation, annealing, and thin-film growth. hence, understanding the radiative properties of silicon and other relevant materials is essential for the analysis of the thermal transport processes. we have analyzed and calculated the spectral, directional...

We have developed a two-dimensional (2D) non-uniform model to study the space charge limited (SCL) current injection into a trap-filled solid of nano-contact, such as organic materials and dielectrics. Assuming a solid of length D with a contact of width W, the enhancement over the well-known 1D uniform model is calculated as a function of W/D for different material properties, such as the diel...

A hierarchical, multi-scale computer model for the nucleation of nano-phase materials from the vapor phase is presented. The model utilizes full solutions to quantum mechanics cluster energy equations for sizes up to 10 atoms, and statistical rate theory for larger cluster sizes. Ab initio and semi-empirical quantum mechanics methods are used to investigate the energetics of Si and C clusters. ...

BACKGROUND Large bone defects resulting from trauma or disease pose a threat to humans. Thus far, tissue engineering as an important clinical approach uses cells, growth factors and scaffolds to regenerate large areas of damaged bone tissue. Since bone is a nanocomposite structure, it is assumed that nanomaterial scaffolds can induce or promote osteogenesis by mimicking the cell niche at nano l...