Renal hypoplasia refers to a congenitally small kidney where there is essentially normal residual parenchyma but smaller calyces, lobules, and papillae. This anomaly can be divided into two broad groups: complete (global) renal hypoplasia and segmental renal hypoplasia. In this study, a 3 days-old simmental calf was diagnosed with renal hypoplasia and unreconstructed exstrophic bladder. It pres...

Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia is a rare syndrome with mesoectodermal hypoplasia. This syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder with involvement of the cutaneous, ocular, dental and skeletal systems. The most significant feature of this disease is connective tissue dysplasia. Here, we report a 30-year old woman who presented with congenital unilateral linear atrophic areas on her tr...

binder’s syndrome is an uncommon entity characterized by midfacial hypoplasia along with class iii incisal relationship. the individuals with this syndrome are easily recognizable and the syndrome is mostly associated with other malocclusions. the current article presents two cases of this rare syndrome and describes its general features. key words: binder’s, midfacial hypoplasia, maxillofacial...

Longitudinal dento-skeletal changes in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients following maxillary distraction osteogenesis using the rigid external distraction device (RED) were analyzed. Twelve Japanese non-syndromic UCLP patients who underwent maxillary distraction at the mean age of 16.4 years were used as subjects. Serial sets of lateral cephalograms, taken at 4 stages: 1) before o...

Williams syndrome (WS), also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by infantile hypercalcemia, short stature, varying degree of mental retardation, elfin-like facial features, and cardiovascular abnormalities, including systemic hypertension, aortic hypoplasia, coarctation the aorta, valvular heart disease (aortic pulmonic stenosis, mitral valve prolapsed o...

background: nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) is an effective method of ventilation in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (rds). using an appropriate nasal skin care protocol is identical to prevention or reduction of nasal skin breakdown in those who receive ncpap. this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an evidence-based clinical care protocol on nasal sk...

A 22-year-old woman underwent a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy to correct a class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia after prior orthodontic treatment. The maxillary movements during the osteotomy consisted of a 4 mm advancement and 2 mm posterior impaction. The surgery was uneventful. Post-operatively, the patient gained an excellent aesthetic and functional result. Four months post ort...

Correspondence to Dr W. F. Hoyt, c/o The Editorial Office, Department of Neurological Surgery, 350 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 807, San Francisco, California 94143. USA. dioptre spherical lenses. Both her colour vision and her pupillary reactions to direct light stimulation were normal. An examination of the visual fields revealed symmetrical, absolute, steep-edged, wedge-shaped defects that broke ...

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type III) is a craniosynostosis syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although similar to the other craniosynostosis syndromes in its clinical presentation, this syndrome is caused by a mutation in the TWIST1 gene. The TWIST1 gene product is a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain important in the dev...