Methods for handling uncertainty should be evaluated in terms of their cognitive compatibility with real-world decision makers. Bayesian models of uncertainty demand precise up-front assessments of all problem elements and discourage the dynamic evolution of problem understanding. They handle missing or conflicting data by mathematical aggregation, while realworld decision makers regard gaps in...

Doctors are generally the first port of call for teenagers and young women suffering from PCOS. Their initial reason for consulting the GP is usually not PCOS as such, but acne, hairiness or weight gain which may be more upsetting than irregular periods. The Treatment of PCOS In issue 10 Jane presented Part 1 in which she discussed possible causes of PCOS. In Part 2 she focuses on the range of ...

We introduce quantitative usability and security models to guide the design of password management schemes — systematic strategies to help users create and remember multiple passwords. In the same way that security proofs in cryptography are based on complexity-theoretic assumptions (e.g., hardness of factoring and discrete logarithm), we quantify usability by introducing usability assumptions....

Naturally occurring insecticides are abundant and varied in their effects, though but a few are articles of commerce. Even for these, pyrethrum, nicotine, rotenone, hellebore, ryania, and sabadilla, there is a paucity of information on mammalian toxicology and environmental effects. In general, these materials are characterized favorably by low acute toxicity and ready dissipation in nature. Un...

Human serum antibodies which react different pepsin-digested IgA proteins only with antigenic determinants rewas found in individual sera but no revealed by digestion of IgA with pepsin lationship to either IgA subgroups or were found in 29.2 per cent of the sera genetically determined IgA antigens was from 369 hospitalized patients studied. discerned. The presence of these antiThese antibodies...

One of the first things that any functional programmer learns is how to turn the naive quadratic algorithm for reversing a list into a linear-time algorithm by using an accumulating parameter. In this paper we derive another, quite different, linear-time algorithm for reversing a list. The derivation relies on a higherorder naturality [5] property of the function unzip, the function that turns ...

A collaborative effort between industry and government shows progress towards the goal of identifying productive natural fractures in gas reservoirs using seismic methods. Improved geological understanding of mature gas reservoirs in offshore Gulf of Mexico points towards unrecovered resource. A simple new technique to improve primary cement jobs has resulted in a 36 percent decrease in average...

This review, with 350 references, gives information on the chemical study of 234 naturally occurring tetraoxygenated xanthones in 12 families, 53 genus and 182 species of higher plants, and two which are described as fungal and lichen metabolites. The value of these groups of substances in connection with pharmacological activity and therapeutic use of some species is described. The structural ...

Within the Standard Model, xs (the mixing parameter in theBs−B̄s system) is constrained to the range 7 ≤ xs ≤ 40. We point out that if New Physics contributes significantly to xd (the mixing parameter in the Bd − B̄d system), then 2 ≤ xs ≤ 7 is possible without any fine-tuned cancellations between the Standard Model and the New Physics contributions.