BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical companies spent US$1.8 billion on direct-to-consumer advertisements for prescription drugs in 1999. Our aim was to establish what messages are being communicated to the public by these advertisements. METHODS We investigated the content of advertisements, which appeared in ten magazines in the USA. We examined seven issues of each of these published between July, 199...

This paper investigates the affective responses of youth toward specific elements featured in television alcohol advertisements (i.e., people character, animal character, music, story, and humor). It also examines the associations between advertising likeability and its potential influence. Respondents were 253 children and adolescents in California (47% male; aged 10-17). Data were collected u...

The article aims to find the type of language style and meanings implied in advertisement. data were taken from advertisements Now! Bali magazine was published May 2018 June 2018. They analyzed using descriptive qualitative method theory (Wells, 2009) meaning (Keraf, 2006). result show that there are seven types applied them including similes, personification, metonymy, alliteration, assonance,...

The present paper analyses Romanian men's masculinities via a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 380 online personal advertisements posted by men. The case of Romania is particularly interesting for understanding gender relations, since the country has recently experienced the impact of (post-) communisim, democratization, and resurging traditionalism. Romanian men's advertisements often ...

BACKGROUND To explore the extent and nature of television food advertising especially unhealthy food advertising to primary school children in Xi'an, China. METHODS Television data were recorded for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00 during May and June in 2012 from a total of five television channels most popular with children in Xi'an. Pearson χ (2) tests and logistic regr...

AIM To assess the relatedness of journal content to paid advertisements published in the journal. METHODS The case-control study was performed on a convenience sample of 7 journals subscribed by Central Medical Library in Moscow--4 international (American Journal of Hypertension, British Journal of General Practice, The Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine) and 3 Russian peer reviewed ...

Background and Objectives: The rise in adolescent smoking is a public health concern in Saudi Arabia. Several studies have demonstrated that receptivity to tobacco advertising is strongly associated with smoking initiation. Public health practitioners have begun to use counter advertising to prevent the initiation of smoking. This study aimed to assess the effect of antiand pro-smoking advertis...

There are at least two distinct ways of conceiving of syntax: the set of rules that enable speakers and listeners to combine the meaning of expressions (compositional syntax), or the set of formal constraints on the combinations of expressions (formal syntax). The question that occupies us in this paper is whether all languages include a significant formal syntax component or whether there are ...

Chalmers’s philosophical work exploits a distinctive version of two-dimensionalism, a formal modal framework from the 1960s and 1970s that one can use to define two kinds of possible worlds semantic values. Chalmers presents this as the best form of a Fregean account of content. One of the principal aims of Constructing the World is to provide its metaphysical foundations. Chalmers presents him...

Participants in public distributed computing do not find it easy to trust each other. The massive number of parties involved, their heterogeneous backgrounds, disparate goals and independent nature are not a good basis for the development of relationships through purely social mechanisms. This paper discusses the trust management issues that arise in the context of the XenoServer Open Platform:...