863 Dear Editor: Insulin-requiring diabetes, whether resulting from type 1 or from progression of type 2 disease, requires strict attention to glycemic control in order to reduce the incidence of microand macrovascular complications. To approach the goal of euglycemia, individualized patient treatment may demand an intensive regimen, which can negatively impact patient compliance due to the “fe...

This study aims to investigate the relationship the high risk injecting behaviour and high rate of HCV infection . Since , most rate of HIV infections are related to injecting drug use . Afghanistan includes about 74% of the world’s opium production in world . There are some influential factors to increase some infection diseases such as poor socioeconomic conditions , high opium production, in...

OBJECTIVE To estimate access, activity and coverage of needle and syringe programmes (NSP) in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. METHODS Two data sets ('regional' and 'high-coverage sites') were used to estimate NSP provision (availability/number of sites), NSP utilization (syringes distributed/year), needle and syringe distribution (needles/syringes distributed/IDU/year), IDU reach...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are different ultrasound probe positions used for internal jugular venous catheter placement. Also, in-plane or out of plane needle approach may be used for catheterization. Transverse short-axis classic approach is the most popular performed approach in literature. "Syringe-Free" is a new described technique that is performed with oblique long-axis approach. We ...

OBJECTIVES Our objective was to design an RCT in order to assess the effects of adding a brief skill-based psychoeducation (PE) to routine Needle and Syringe Programs to reduce injection and high risk sexual behaviors associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among referrals of Drop-in Centers (DICs). METHOD/DESIGN This was a randomized control trial with the primary hypoth...

Homelessness is an increasing public health problem. Because of poor living conditions and limited access to healthcare systems, homeless persons are exposed to many communicable infections. We summarize the intervention measures reported to be efficient for the control and the prevention of common transmissible infections among homeless populations. Evidence suggests that appropriate street- o...

Five techniques for delivering ZOE into straight and curved simulated root canals were investigated for their depthof-fill capabilities. The techniques tested were those using the endodontic pressure syringe, the mechanical syringe, the lentuIo spiral, the JiffyTM Tube, and the tuberculin syringe. Statistical analysis revealed that the instruments of choice for filling straight canals were the ...