In this paper, Zero-truncated negative binomial distribution is modified to include excess ones improve goodness-of-fit. This necessary when data are dispersed and zero has been eliminated from structurally. However, the unduly large, proportion of must be recognized estimated fit. development applied using real a national survey.

The spectral efficiency (channel capacity) of the optical direct-detection channel is studied. The modeling of the optical direct-detection channel as a discrete-time Poisson channel is reviewed. Closed-form integral representations for the entropy of random variables with Poisson and negative binomial distributions are derived. The spectral efficiency achievable with an arbitrary input gamma d...

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is an emerging disease in many parts of the world and, in particular, in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This paper examines the abundance and prevalence of infection of E. granulosus in cattle and sheep in Kazakhstan. Observed data are fitted to a mathematical model in order to determine if the parasite population is partly ...

Frequency distributions from 49 published wildlife host-macroparasite systems were analysed by maximum likelihood for goodness of fit to the negative binomial distribution. In 45 of the 49 (90%) data-sets, the negative binomial distribution provided a statistically satisfactory fit. In the other 4 data-sets the negative binomial distribution still provided a better fit than the Poisson distribu...

A longstanding problem in the study of sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers is related to the physical mechanisms governing bed resistance and particle motion. To study this problem, we investigated the motion of coarse spherical glass beads entrained by a steady shallow turbulent water flow down a steep two-dimensional channel with a mobile bed. This experimental facility is the simplest re...