A grand challenge in the field of artificial life is to find a general theory of emergent self-organizing systems. In swarm systems most of the observed complexity is based on motion of simple entities. Similarly, statistical mechanics focuses on collective properties induced by the motion of many interacting particles. In this article we apply methods from statistical mechanics to swarm system...

Thermodynamics problems for the single-phase-lagging (SPL) model have not been much studied. In this paper, the violation of the second law of thermodynamics by the SPL model is studied from two perspectives, which are the negative entropy production rate and breaking equilibrium spontaneously. The methods for the SPL model to avoid the negative entropy production rate are proposed, which are e...

*Correspondence: Rudolf A. Treumann, International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] We propose a generalization of Gibbs’ statistical mechanics into the domain of non-negligible phase space correlations. Derived are the probability distribution and entropy as a generalized ensemble average, replacing Gibbs-Boltzmann-Shannon’s entro...

A class of black hole solutions to Einstein’s equations in d dimensions with a negative cosmological constant is constructed. These solutions have the property that the horizon is a (d− 2)-dimensional manifold of constant curvature, but this curvature may be positive, zero, or negative. Asymptotically, the solutions are locally isometric to anti-de Sitter space. The mass, temperature, and entro...

The cysteine-rich 8K protein of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) suppresses host RNA silencing. In this study, evolutionary analysisof 8K sequences of PMTV isolates was studied on the basis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Twenty-one positively selected sites were identified in 8K codingregions. Recombination events were found in the 8K of PMTV isolates with a rate of 1.8. Totally 30 haplotyp...

The thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy, H°, Gibbs free energy, G°, and entropy, S°, of Arginine and Lysine amino acids were theoretically studied at different polar solvents by using ²Gaussian o3², software. First, the structural optimization of isolated Arginine and Lysine were done in the gas phase by applying the Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) level ...

A systematic study of the effect of composition on the thermo-physical properties of the binary mixtures of 1-methyl-3-pentyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [MPI][PF(6)] with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [M(w) = 400] is presented. The excess molar volume, refractive index deviation, viscosity deviation, and surface tension deviation values were calculated from these experimental density, ρ, ref...

which was first derived in (Ulusoy, Nonlinearity 20 (2007): 685–712). We prove results on the regularity of non-negative solutions. In Ulusoy, an entropy dissipation–entropy estimate was provided for the p = 3 and n = 2 case using the energy functional Kq := ∫ hx hq dx. Here, we extend our calculations to include various other p and n values. After establishing some results on the support prope...

The relation between the atmospheric entropy flow field and local rainfall is examined in terms of the theory of dissipative structures. In this paper, the entropy balance equation in a form suitable for describing the entropy budget of the Earth’s atmosphere is derived starting from the Gibbs relation, and, as examples, the entropy flows of the two severe weather events associated with the dev...

In their paper [1], Dunkel and Hilbert argue that negative absolute temperatures, a wellestablished thermodynamic concept, are inconsistent with thermodynamics. They claim to “prove that all previous negative temperature claims and their implications are invalid as they arise from the use of an entropy definition that is inconsistent both mathematically and thermodynamically”. Here we point out...