Research interest in Na-ion batteries has increased rapidly because of the environmental friendliness of sodium compared to lithium. Throughout this Perspective paper, we report and review recent scientific advances in the field of negative electrode materials used for Na-ion batteries. This paper sheds light on negative electrode materials for Na-ion batteries: carbonaceous materials, oxides/p...

† Managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Abstract Investigations have been conducted to determine the feasibility of using collisional cooling for reducing the energy spreads and, consequently, the emittances of negative-ion beams. We have designed a gas-filled RFquadrupole ion cooler equipped with provisions for retarding energetic nega...

The photoelectron spectrum of the trimethylenemethane (TMM) negative ion is described. The electron affinity of TMM is found from the spectrum to be 0.431 6 0.006 eV, and the energy difference between the X̃ A9 2 and b̃ A1 states of TMM is determined to be 16.1 6 0.2 kcal/mol. The energy difference between the lowest energy triplet and singlet states is estimated to be 13–16 kcal/mol. The enthalp...

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