Hirsutella minnesotensis [Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota)] is a dominant endoparasitic fungus by using conidia that adhere to and penetrate the secondary stage juveniles of soybean cyst nematode. Its genome was de novo sequenced and compared with five entomopathogenic fungi in the Hypocreales and three nematode-trapping fungi in the Orbiliales (Ascomycota). The genome of H. minne...

Hyphae of Dactylella oviparasitica proliferated rapidly through MeIoidogyne egg masses, and appressoria formed when they contacted eggs. The fungus probably penetrated egg shells mechanically, although chitinase production detected in culture suggested that enzymatic penetration was also possible. In soil, D. oviparasitica invaded egg masses soon after they were deposited on the root surface an...

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection is a major constraint for grazing livestock production. The increasing prevalence and severity of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in many parts of the world has led to a search for non-chemical control options. Under experimental conditions, the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans is emerging as an alternative to chemotherapy for the control of G...

Hirsutella rhossiliensis OWVT-1 has substantial potential as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes. Serine proteases have emerged as a potentially useful factor in the nematode-fungus interactions. When grown in liquid culture with the nematode Panagrellus redivivus as the sole nitrogen source, an extracellular alkaline protease (Hasp) was produced by the OWVT-1. The purified Has...

A filamentous, nonsporulating fungus, designated Arkansas Fungus 18 (ARF18), was isolated from 9 of 95 populations of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, in Arkansas. In petri dishes, ARF18 parasitized 89% of H. glycines eggs in cysts. The fungus also infected eggs of Meloidogyne incognita and eggs in cysts of Cactodera betulae, H. graminophila, H. lespedezae, H. leuceilyma, H. scha...

biological control of tomato root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, by the isolate bi of trichoderma harzianum was evaluated in greenhouse and laboratory conditions in tomato cv. king stone. effects of fungal spore suspensions in various densities (103 to 108 spore/ml) were studied on different disease intensities (average of gall diameters, average of root weight and average of stem weight)...

Priority effect theory, a foundational concept from community ecology, states that the order and timing of species arrival during assembly can affect composition. Although this theory has been applied to co-infecting parasite species, it almost always with single time lag between parasites. Thus, how affects co-infections disease remains poorly understood. To address gap in literature, we expos...

Inoculation of the grapevine (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus versiforme significantly increased resistance against the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Studies using relative quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RQRT-PCR) analysis of grapevine root inoculation with the AM fungus revealed an up-regulation of VCH3 transcripts. This incr...